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ECOS 1 > Introduction to Somatic Dysfunction > Flashcards

Introduction to Somatic Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

4 Osteopathic Tenets

A
  1. The body is a unit (mind, body, spirit)
  2. The body possesses self-regulatory mechanisms
  3. Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
  4. Rational therapy is based on principles 1-3
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2
Q

Somatic dysfunction

A

impaired or altered function of the components of the somatic system –> skeletal, arthrodial, and myofascial (SAM) –> and related vascular, lymphatic, and neural (VLAN)
-usually treatable with OMT

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3
Q

arthrodial

A

joints

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4
Q

Consequences of somatic dysfunction

A

EX) interaction between vertebrae and the nerves they protect may cause change in visceral function or vice versa

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5
Q

How to diagnose somatic dysfunction

A 
TART
Tissue texture abnormalities
Asymmetry (static or active)
Restriction of motion (passive or active)
Tenderness
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6
Q

How to name somatic dysfunction

A

Conditions named based on what the part CAN DO (likely that is where the dysfunction actually is, but it shows up on the other side)
EX) if elbow can extend but not flex - would be elbow extension dysfunction

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7
Q

terms related to acute somatic dysfunction

A

pain, erythema, relative warmth, increased moisture/bogginess (swollen), vasodilation, edema, tenderness, tissue contraction

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8
Q

Terms related to chronic somatic dysfunction

A

itching, paresthesia, palpable sense tissue dryness, coolness, tissue contracture, fibrosis tenderness, pallor

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9
Q

Contraction

A

process of which a muscle becomes or is made shorter and tighter

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10
Q

Contracture

A

abnormal, sometimes permanent, contraction of a muscle (chronic vs acute)

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11
Q

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatmetn (OMT)

A

manually guided force by an osteopathic physician to improve function and/or support homeostasis that has been altered by somatic dysfunction

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12
Q

Active vs Passive ROM

A

Active - patient does the moving
Passive - doctor does the moving
Passive ROM > Active ROM

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13
Q

Physiologic barrier

A

limit of active motion

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14
Q

Anatomic barrier

A

Limit imposed by anatomic structure

- past this barrier is where injuries happen - barrier is to prevent injuries

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15
Q

Elastic range

A

range between the physiologic and anatomic barriers

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16
Q

Restrictive barrier

A

functional limit that abnormally diminishes the normal physiologic range

17
Q

Levels of evidence for OMT

A

A. Randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews or meta-analyses of RCTs
B. case-control or cohort studies, retrospective studies, certain controlled studies
C. (none of these are on chart) consensus statements, expert guidelines, usual practice, and opinion

18
Q

OMT Contraindications

A
  • If there is NO somatic dysfunction
  • patient does not consent (some exceptions, pt intubated - physician can consent on their behalf)
  • inappropriate clinical situation (pt unstable)
  • anatomic physiologic concerns (ex. broken arm)
19
Q

Post OMT symptoms

A

some patients report aggravations post-OMT, such as worsening symptoms, behavioral issues, headache, dizziness, flu-like symptoms, etc. These are short-lived and usually the patient feels better than they did after the side-effects subside
- very few people have serious or dire complications after OMT

20
Q

How to avoid Post-OMT symptoms

A
  1. take a good history and physical exam (allows to ascertain avoidable risks)
  2. Appropriate choice of technique - understand quick versus slow (what are the symptoms associated with each)
  3. appropriate application of techniques
  4. Recommend hydration and rest
21
Q

Body systems

A

HEENT, cardiovascular, respiratory, GI, GU, Musculoskeletal, endocrine, integumentary, nervous, immune, psychiatric

22
Q

5 Osteopathic Models

A
  1. Biomechanical
  2. Neurologic
  3. Respiratory/circulatory
  4. Metabolic/Energetic/Immune
  5. Behavioral (biopsychosocial)
    - Some overlap between them
    used to help form a differential diagnosis and plan
23
Q

Biomechanical model

A

-musculoskeletal system (muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, fascia)
- integumentary
- body and its response to gravity
THREE DOMAINS
- Health - efficient and effective posture and motion throughout MSK system
- Disease - somatic dysfunction; inefficient posture; joint motion restrictions or hyper mobility; instability
- Patient care - Alleviate somatic dysfunction with osteopathic palpatory diagnosis and oMT to restore normal motion and function

24
Q

Neurologic model

A

Nervous system
-brain
-spinal cord - (musculoskeletal, autonomic - parasympathetic [cranial nerves, sacrum S2-S4], sypathetic [T1-L2])
THREE DOMAINS
- Health - efficient and effective sensory processing, neural integration and control, autonomic balance, central and peripheral nervous functions
- Disease - Abnormal sensation, imbalance of autonomic functions (ex. IBS), central and peripheral sensitization/malfunction; pain syndromes
- Patient care - restore normal sensation, neurological processes and control; alleviate pain

25
Q

Respiratory/Circulatory Model

A
  • Cardiovascular (including lymphatic)
  • respiratory
  • nose, throat
  • genitourinary
    THREE DOMAINS
  • Health - efficient and effective arterial supply, venous and lymphatic drainage to and from all cells; effective respiration
  • Disease - vascular compromise, edema, tissue congestion; poor gas exchange
  • Patient Care - remove mechanical impediments to respiration and circulation and relieve congestion and edema by improving venous and lymphatic drainage
26
Q

Metabolic/Energetic/Immune Model

A
  • Gastrointestinal
  • Lymph organs (spleen, liver, thymus, tonsils, appendix, lymph nodes)
  • Enodcrine (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis)
    THREE DOMAINS
  • Health - Efficient and effective cellular metabolic processes, energy expenditure and exchange, endocrine and immune regulation and control
  • Disease - energy loss, fatigue, ineffective metabolic processes, toxic waste buildup, inflammation, infection, poor wound heating, poor nutrition, advrse reponse to medication, loss of endocrine control of vital functions
  • Patient Care - Restore efficient metabolic processes and bioenergetics, alleviate inflammation, infection, restore healing and repair functions and endocrine control (abx would fit into this category because of their effects on the immune system)
27
Q

Behavioral (Biopsychosocial)

A

psychological
- behaviors that influence health
- behaviors that influence health decisions
THREE DOMAINS
- Health- efficient and effective mental, emotional, and spiritual functions, healthy lifestyle choices and activities, good social support systems
- Disease - Ineffective function due to drug abuse, environmental chemical exposure or trauma, poor lifestyle choices (inactivity, dietary indiscretions), inability to adapt to stress or environmental challenges
- Patient Care - Assess and treat the whole person - physical, psychological, social, cultural, behavioral, and spiritual aspects, collaborative partnership, individualized patient care and self-responsibility for healthy lifestyle choices

28
Q

Three domains of a Philosophy of medicine

A

Health, disease, patient care

- using combinations of OMM, medications, surgery, and education as appropriate

ECOS 1 (9 decks)

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