Motion Dynamics Flashcards
Active ROM
patient does the moving/patient is active
Passive ROM always > active ROM
Passive ROM
Doctor does the moving, patient is passive
passive ROM always > active ROM
physiologic barrier
limit of active motion
anatomic barrier
limit imposed by anatomic structure, usually reached through passive motion
Elastic range
the difference between the physiologic barrier and anatomic barrier
Restrictive barrier
functional limit that abnormally diminishes the normal physiologic range
plane
flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points on it would wholly lie
Axis
straight line aroudn which an object rotates
Coronal/Frontal/Lateral plane
bisects the body into front and back halves
ROM: sidebending, abduction/adduction
Sagittal/anteroposterior plane
Bisects the body into right and left halves
ROM: flexion and extension
Horizontal/transverse plane
divides the body into superior and inferior halves
ROM: rotation
Types of joints
- type of joint dictates the type of motion (structure/function interrelationship)
3 types of joints
1. Fibrous (skull articulations)
2. Cartilaginous (discs between vertebrae)
3. Synovial - 6 types (extremities)
Types of synovial joints
- Pivot joint (C1-2)
- Ball and socket joint (hip joint)
- Condyloid joint (radius and carpal bones)
- Plane joint (between tarsal bones, sliding back and forth)
- Saddle joint (between trapezium and 1st metacarpal bone)
- Hinge joint (elbow)
End Feel of Range of Motion
- elastic (like a rubber band, springy)
- abrupt (osteoarthritis or hinge joint, like elbow)
- Hard - somatic dysfunction, you expect more motion but you don’t get more due to a restrictive barrier
- Empty - stops due to guarding (patient doesn’t allow the motion due to pain)
- Crisp - involuntary muscle guarding as in pinched nerve
Midline shift ROM
Midline will shift away from the restrictive barrier to balance out the loss of motion
Flexibility
Range of motion in a joint or group of joints or the ability to move joints effectively through a complete range of motion
Dynamic ROM
- ROM an athlete can produce and speed at which he/she can produce it
Static ROM
maximal ROM a joint can achieve with an externally applied force
Flexibility - stiffness
reduced ROM of a joint or group of joints
Coupled motion (Spine)
consistent association of a motion along or about one axis, with another motion about or along a second axis. The principle motion cannot be produced without the associated motion occurring as well.
- serves to protect the spinal cord while providing a basic support axis for the upper body
Functional Unit of spine
two vertebrae, their associated disc, neurovascular, and other soft tissues
Linkage
relationship of joint mechanics with surrounding structures
- by linking multiple structures you get increased ROM
Ex) shoulder-spine, spine-hip/pelvis
Wrist normal ROM
Flexion: 80-90 degrees
extension: 70 degrees
adduction/ulnar deviation: 30-40 degrees
abduction/radial deviation: 20-30 degrees
Elbow normal ROM
Flexion: 140-150 degrees
Extension: 0 to -5 degrees
Pronation: 90 degrees
Supination: 90 degrees
Shoulder normal ROM
Flexion: 180 degrees Extension: 60 degrees Abduction: 180 degrees Horizontal abduction: 40-55 degrees Adduction: 130-140 degrees Internal Rotation: 90 degrees External rotation: 90 degrees
Lumbar spine normal ROM
Side bending: 15-30 degrees
Flexion: 40-90 degrees
Extension: 20-45 degrees
Rotation: 3-18 degrees
Ankle normal ROM
Dorsiflexion: 15-20 degrees
Plantarflexion: 50-65 degrees
Inversion: 20 degrees
Eversion: 10-20 degrees
Knee normal ROM
Flexion: 145-150 degrees
Extension: 0 degrees
Hip normal ROM
Flexion (knee extended): 90 degrees Flexion (knee flexed): 120-135 degrees Extension: 15-30 degrees Adduction: 20-30 degrees Abduction: 45-50 degrees External rotation: 40-60 degrees Internal Rotation: 30-40 degrees
