Postural Deviations - Posture Assessment, Handedness, Common Patterns Flashcards
what is the plumb line assessment
utilized to determine whether points of reference of the individual have the same alignment as those in standard posture
from the side view, what is the plumb line aligned with
just anterior to lateral malleolus
from the back view, what is the plumb line aligned with
equidistant from each heel
ideal alignment from the side
through ext auditory meatus shoulder slightly posterior to greater trochanter slightly anterior to knee joint slightly anterior to lateral malleolus
what is handedness posture?
dominant side shoulder lower
pelvis shifts to dominate side and dominate hip appears higher
non-dominant foot more pronated
spine deviation to non-dominant side
kyphotic-lordotic posture
head: forward cervical spine: hyperextended thoracic spine: increased flexion lumbar spine: increased extension pelvis: anterior tilt hip: flexed knee: slight hyperextension ankle: slight plantarflexion
what muscles are elongated in kyphotic-lordotic posture?
cervical flexors
middle/lower trap & rhomboids
thoracic erector spinae
ext oblique
what muscles are shortened in kyphotic-lordotic posture?
neck extensors
hip flexors
lumbar extensors
what is significant about the rectus abdominis in kyphotic-lordotic posture
not elongated from depression rib cage position
why would the low back not be shorten in kyphotic-lordotic posture?
due to elongation regularly achieved in sitting
flat back posture
head: forward cervical spine: slightly extended thoracic spine: upper - increased flexion, lower - decrease flexion/straight lumbar spine: straight/increased flexion pelvis: posterior tilit hip: extended knee: extended ankle: slight plantarflexion
what muscles are elongated in flat back posture
hip flexors
sometimes knees slightly flexed
what muscles are shortened in flat back posture
hamstrings and abdominals
sway back posture
head: forward cervical spine: slightly extended thoracic spine: increase flexion/posterior displacement lumbar spine: straight/increased flexion pelvis: posterior tilt hip: hyperextended, anterior displacement knee: hyperextended ankle: neutral
what muscles are elongated in sway back posture
hip flexors, ext oblique, thoracic erector spinae, cervical flexors
what muscles are shortened in sway back posture
hamstrings, upper abdominals
what can knee flexion contractures cause?
flexed knee posture
where does the LoG pass in flexed knee posture?
posterior to knee joint
what does flexed knee posture create at the knee?
creates external flexion moment, must be balanced by an internal extension moment created by the quads
what does flexed knee posture increase
tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint compression stress
fatigue of the quad - 30 degrees of flexion requires 51% of MVC of the quad to maintain erect posture
where does the LoG pass in hyperextended knee posture (genu recurvatum)?
considerably anterior to knee joint axis
what is increased in hyperextended knee posture
increase external extensor moment
extent of hyperextension
increase tension stress of posterior capsule
lengthening of posterior capsule and cruciate ligaments
where is greater compression placed when the knee is in hyperextended posture
anterior portion of the knee joint surface of femoral condyles and tibial plateaus
in excessive anterior pelvic tilt where do the upper and lower lumbar move
upper lumbar: posterior to keep head over sacrum
lower lumbar: anterior
increases lordotic curve
LoG at greater distance from lumbar joint axes results in what
increased extension moment
what does forward head posture increase
cervical lordosis
where is the LoG in forward head posture
what does it result in
anterior to cervical joint
flexion moment
what does forward head posture constantly require
isometric muscle tension
where is abnormal compression applied in forward head posture
facet joints
posterior portion of intervertebral discs
what also may be impacted in forward head posture
TMJ
