Postural Deviations - Posture Assessment, Handedness, Common Patterns

Question 1

what is the plumb line assessment

Answer 1

utilized to determine whether points of reference of the individual have the same alignment as those in standard posture

Question 2

from the side view, what is the plumb line aligned with

Answer 2

just anterior to lateral malleolus

Question 3

from the back view, what is the plumb line aligned with

Answer 3

equidistant from each heel

Question 4

ideal alignment from the side

Answer 4

through ext auditory meatus
shoulder
slightly posterior to greater trochanter
slightly anterior to knee joint
slightly anterior to lateral malleolus

Question 5

what is handedness posture?

Answer 5

dominant side shoulder lower
pelvis shifts to dominate side and dominate hip appears higher
non-dominant foot more pronated
spine deviation to non-dominant side

Question 6

kyphotic-lordotic posture

Answer 6

head: forward
cervical spine: hyperextended
thoracic spine: increased flexion
lumbar spine: increased extension
pelvis: anterior tilt
hip: flexed
knee: slight hyperextension 
ankle: slight plantarflexion

Question 7

what muscles are elongated in kyphotic-lordotic posture?

Answer 7

cervical flexors
middle/lower trap & rhomboids
thoracic erector spinae
ext oblique

Question 8

what muscles are shortened in kyphotic-lordotic posture?

Answer 8

neck extensors
hip flexors
lumbar extensors

Question 9

what is significant about the rectus abdominis in kyphotic-lordotic posture

Answer 9

not elongated from depression rib cage position

Question 10

why would the low back not be shorten in kyphotic-lordotic posture?

Answer 10

due to elongation regularly achieved in sitting

Question 11

flat back posture

Answer 11

head: forward
cervical spine: slightly extended
thoracic spine: upper - increased flexion, lower - decrease flexion/straight 
lumbar spine: straight/increased flexion 
pelvis: posterior tilit
hip: extended
knee: extended
ankle: slight plantarflexion

Question 12

what muscles are elongated in flat back posture

Answer 12

hip flexors

sometimes knees slightly flexed

Question 13

what muscles are shortened in flat back posture

Answer 13

hamstrings and abdominals

Question 14

sway back posture

Answer 14

head: forward
cervical spine: slightly extended
thoracic spine: increase flexion/posterior displacement
lumbar spine: straight/increased flexion
pelvis: posterior tilt
hip: hyperextended, anterior displacement 
knee: hyperextended
ankle: neutral

Question 15

what muscles are elongated in sway back posture

Answer 15

hip flexors, ext oblique, thoracic erector spinae, cervical flexors

Question 16

what muscles are shortened in sway back posture

Answer 16

hamstrings, upper abdominals

Question 17

what can knee flexion contractures cause?

Answer 17

flexed knee posture

Question 18

where does the LoG pass in flexed knee posture?

Answer 18

posterior to knee joint

Question 19

what does flexed knee posture create at the knee?

Answer 19

creates external flexion moment, must be balanced by an internal extension moment created by the quads

Question 20

what does flexed knee posture increase

Answer 20

tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint compression stress

fatigue of the quad - 30 degrees of flexion requires 51% of MVC of the quad to maintain erect posture

Question 21

where does the LoG pass in hyperextended knee posture (genu recurvatum)?

Answer 21

considerably anterior to knee joint axis

Question 22

what is increased in hyperextended knee posture

Answer 22

increase external extensor moment
extent of hyperextension
increase tension stress of posterior capsule
lengthening of posterior capsule and cruciate ligaments

Question 23

where is greater compression placed when the knee is in hyperextended posture

Answer 23

anterior portion of the knee joint surface of femoral condyles and tibial plateaus

Question 24

in excessive anterior pelvic tilt where do the upper and lower lumbar move

Answer 24

upper lumbar: posterior to keep head over sacrum
lower lumbar: anterior

increases lordotic curve

Question 25

LoG at greater distance from lumbar joint axes results in what

Answer 25

increased extension moment

Question 26

what does forward head posture increase

Answer 26

cervical lordosis

Question 27

where is the LoG in forward head posture

what does it result in

Answer 27

anterior to cervical joint

flexion moment

Question 28

what does forward head posture constantly require

Answer 28

isometric muscle tension

Question 29

where is abnormal compression applied in forward head posture

Answer 29

facet joints

posterior portion of intervertebral discs

Question 30

what also may be impacted in forward head posture

Answer 30

TMJ