Postural Deviations - Posture Assessment, Handedness, Common Patterns Flashcards

1
Q

what is the plumb line assessment

A

utilized to determine whether points of reference of the individual have the same alignment as those in standard posture

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2
Q

from the side view, what is the plumb line aligned with

A

just anterior to lateral malleolus

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3
Q

from the back view, what is the plumb line aligned with

A

equidistant from each heel

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4
Q

ideal alignment from the side

A
through ext auditory meatus
shoulder
slightly posterior to greater trochanter
slightly anterior to knee joint
slightly anterior to lateral malleolus
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5
Q

what is handedness posture?

A

dominant side shoulder lower
pelvis shifts to dominate side and dominate hip appears higher
non-dominant foot more pronated
spine deviation to non-dominant side

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6
Q

kyphotic-lordotic posture

A
head: forward
cervical spine: hyperextended
thoracic spine: increased flexion
lumbar spine: increased extension
pelvis: anterior tilt
hip: flexed
knee: slight hyperextension 
ankle: slight plantarflexion
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7
Q

what muscles are elongated in kyphotic-lordotic posture?

A

cervical flexors
middle/lower trap & rhomboids
thoracic erector spinae
ext oblique

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8
Q

what muscles are shortened in kyphotic-lordotic posture?

A

neck extensors
hip flexors
lumbar extensors

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9
Q

what is significant about the rectus abdominis in kyphotic-lordotic posture

A

not elongated from depression rib cage position

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10
Q

why would the low back not be shorten in kyphotic-lordotic posture?

A

due to elongation regularly achieved in sitting

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11
Q

flat back posture

A
head: forward
cervical spine: slightly extended
thoracic spine: upper - increased flexion, lower - decrease flexion/straight 
lumbar spine: straight/increased flexion 
pelvis: posterior tilit
hip: extended
knee: extended
ankle: slight plantarflexion
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12
Q

what muscles are elongated in flat back posture

A

hip flexors

sometimes knees slightly flexed

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13
Q

what muscles are shortened in flat back posture

A

hamstrings and abdominals

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14
Q

sway back posture

A
head: forward
cervical spine: slightly extended
thoracic spine: increase flexion/posterior displacement
lumbar spine: straight/increased flexion
pelvis: posterior tilt
hip: hyperextended, anterior displacement 
knee: hyperextended
ankle: neutral
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15
Q

what muscles are elongated in sway back posture

A

hip flexors, ext oblique, thoracic erector spinae, cervical flexors

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16
Q

what muscles are shortened in sway back posture

A

hamstrings, upper abdominals

17
Q

what can knee flexion contractures cause?

A

flexed knee posture

18
Q

where does the LoG pass in flexed knee posture?

A

posterior to knee joint

19
Q

what does flexed knee posture create at the knee?

A

creates external flexion moment, must be balanced by an internal extension moment created by the quads

20
Q

what does flexed knee posture increase

A

tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint compression stress

fatigue of the quad - 30 degrees of flexion requires 51% of MVC of the quad to maintain erect posture

21
Q

where does the LoG pass in hyperextended knee posture (genu recurvatum)?

A

considerably anterior to knee joint axis

22
Q

what is increased in hyperextended knee posture

A

increase external extensor moment
extent of hyperextension
increase tension stress of posterior capsule
lengthening of posterior capsule and cruciate ligaments

23
Q

where is greater compression placed when the knee is in hyperextended posture

A

anterior portion of the knee joint surface of femoral condyles and tibial plateaus

24
Q

in excessive anterior pelvic tilt where do the upper and lower lumbar move

A

upper lumbar: posterior to keep head over sacrum
lower lumbar: anterior

increases lordotic curve

25
LoG at greater distance from lumbar joint axes results in what
increased extension moment
26
what does forward head posture increase
cervical lordosis
27
where is the LoG in forward head posture what does it result in
anterior to cervical joint flexion moment
28
what does forward head posture constantly require
isometric muscle tension
29
where is abnormal compression applied in forward head posture
facet joints | posterior portion of intervertebral discs
30
what also may be impacted in forward head posture
TMJ