Ankle - tibiofibular and talocrural

Question 1

what is the function of the foot and ankle

Answer 1

sustain large weight-bearing stresses while accommodating to a variety of surfaces/activities

stable to provide appropriate BOS

rigid lever for pushing off

mobile enough to accommodate and adapt to uneven terrain & absorb shock

Question 2

what functional segments is the foot divided into

Answer 2

hindfoot: talus and calcaneus
midfoot: navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiform bones
forefoot: metatarsals, phalanges

Question 3

proximal and distal tibiofibular joint articulations and joint type

Answer 3

proximal: tibia lateral condyle and fibula head
distal: tibia fibular notch and fibula

proximal: plane synovial
distal: synarthrosis

Question 4

how is the distal tibiofibular joint susceptible to injury?

Answer 4

if the talus is forcefully laterally rotated within the ankle mortise

known as high ankle sprain or syndesmotic ankle sprain

Question 5

proximal/distal tibiofibular joint osteokinematics and closed pack position

Answer 5

anterior/posterior glide
superior/inferior glide
internal/external glide

closed pack: weight bearing dorsiflexion

Question 6

what axis is the joint motion occurring in the ankle/foot complex

Answer 6

oblique axis with triplanar motion

Question 7

talocrural joint articulations and joint type

Answer 7

mortise: tibia/fibula
talus: tibial facet, fibular facet, trochlear facet
joint type: hinge

Question 8

medial collateral (deltoid) ligament

Answer 8

extremely strong

limit eversion/pronation

Question 9

lateral collateral ligament

Answer 9

weaker and more susceptible to injury
limit inversion/supination

anterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament

Question 10

what soft tissue restricts talocrural motion

Answer 10

limit plantarflexion: tibialis anterior, ext hallucis longus, ext digitorum longus

limit dorsiflexion: gastrocnemius and soleus

Question 11

what muscular support of collateral ligaments

Answer 11

assist MCL: tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus

assist LCL: fibularis longus and brevis

Question 12

what is the main motion at the talocrural joint

Answer 12

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 13

dorsiflexion

Answer 13

pronation

slight abduction and eversion

Question 14

plantarflexion

Answer 14

supination

slight adduction and inversion

Question 15

what axis of rotation is the talocrural joint axis

Answer 15

oblique axis in triplanar motion

Question 16

arthrokinematics of talocrural

Answer 16

convex on concave in OKC

dorsiflexion: anterior roll/posterior glide
plantarflexion: posterior roll/anterior glide

Question 17

what type of glide would we want to perform to improve the ability of the ankle to dorsiflex?

Answer 17

posterior glide

Question 18

what factors increase the mechanical stability of fully dorsiflexion talocrural joint

Answer 18

passive tension in plantar flexor muscles and collateral ligaments

wedging effect of concave tibifibular segment contacting talus –> anterior component of talus is wider

Question 19

closed and open pack position of talocrural joint

Answer 19

closed: weight bearing dorsiflexion
open: 10 degrees of plantarflexion of neutral inversion/eversion

Question 20

capsular pattern of talocrural joint

Answer 20

plantarflexion > dorsiflexion