Ankle - subtalar and transverse tarsal

Question 1

joint type of subtalar joint

Answer 1

three ovoid synovial joint

Question 2

what are the main motions of the subtalar joint

Answer 2

inversion/eversion

adduction/abduction

Question 3

inversion (of hindfoot) and adduction

Answer 3

supination
slight plantarflexion

varus movement of clacaneus

Question 4

eversion (of hindfoot) and abduction

Answer 4

pronation
slight dorsiflexion

valgus movement of calcaneus

Question 5

what are the joint motions at the subtalar joint

Answer 5

inversion/eversion

abduction/adduction

Question 6

what motions can the calcaneous perform in weight bearing

Answer 6

invert/evert but cannot dorsiflex/plantarflex or abduct/adduct

*this motion is seen as inversion/varus movement or eversion/valgus movement of the calcaneus

Question 7

how does the talus produce movements through the subtalar joint

Answer 7

through the motion of the head of the talus, seen by changes in the medial longitudinal arch

Question 8

how does supination occur in the subtalar joint in CKC

Answer 8

calcaneous inverts
talus abducts and dorsiflex
tibiofibular lateral rotation

Question 9

how does pronation occur in the subtalar joint in CKC

Answer 9

calcaneous everts
talus adducts and plantarflex
tibiofibular medial rotation

Question 10

how does supination occur in the subtalar in OKC

Answer 10

calcaneous inverts

calaneous adduction and plantar flex

Question 11

how does pronation occur in the subtalar in OKC

Answer 11

calcaneous everts

calcaneous abduction and dorsifexion

Question 12

closed and open pack subtalar joint motion

Answer 12

closed: full inversion
open: mid inversion/eversion and mid plantarflexion/dorsiflexion

Question 13

transverse tarsal joint, what is composed of and joint type

Answer 13

talonavicular and calcaneocuboid

joint type: modified ovoid

Question 14

joint motion of transverse tarsal joint

Answer 14

difficult to separate and quantify 
function of transverse tarsal joint in open chain -- adds to subtalar range 

triplanar motion at a longitudinal and oblique axis

Question 15

what is the function of the transverse tarsal joint

Answer 15

link btw hindfoot and forefoot

add to supination/pronation ROM of subtalar joint in open chain

compensate at the forefoot for hindfoot position in closed chain

Question 16

why does the transverse tarsal joint compensate at the forefoot for hindfoot position in closed chain?

Answer 16

to keep the foot in contact with the ground while hindfoot pronates or supinates in response to the terrain or rotations imposed by the leg

Question 17

subtalar pronation

Answer 17

both joints in open pack position

transverse tarsal can accommodate to by moving into supination

Question 18

subtalar supination

Answer 18

both joints approach closed pack position

transverse tarsal counters with pronation until a certain point, at which the transverse tarsal joint also begins to supinate

Question 19

what happens at the tarsometarsal joint when the transverse tarsal starts to move into a closed pack position during subtalar supination

Answer 19

it must counter rotate to maintain contact with the ground

Question 20

closed pack and open pack position of the transverse tarsal joint

Answer 20

closed: supination
open: mid range of supination/pronation

Question 21

capsular pattern of transverse tarsal

Answer 21

limitation in dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, adduction and internal rotation