Posterior Thigh, Popliteal Fossa And Knee Flashcards
Semitendinosus insertion
Medial surface of superior part of tibia
Semitendinosus origin
Ischial tuberosity
Semitendious innervation and action
-tibial division of sciatic nerve
- extend hip joint
- flex knee joint
Semimembranosus origin
Ischial tuberosity
Semimembranosus insertion
Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
Semimembranosus innervation and action
-tibial division of sciatic nerve
- extend hip joint
- flex knee joint
Biceps femoris, long head and short head origin
Long: Ischial tuberosity
Short: linea aspera
Biceps femoris, long head and short head insertion
Both: Lateral side of head of fibula
Biceps femoris, long head and short head innervation
Long: tibial division of sciatic
Short: common fibulae division of sciatic
Biceps femoris, long head and short head action
Both: flexes knee joint
Extends hip joint
Patella
Sesamoid bone
What are the four muscles of the posterior thigh
Short head of biceps femoris
Long head of biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
What muscles are known as hamstrings
Long head of the biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
What are the common features of hamstring muscles
- Act on two joints
- Arise deep to gluteus Maximus in the Ischial tuberosity
- innervates by tibial divisions of sciatic nerve
Boundaries of the popliteal fossa
Superior laterally: biceps femoris
Superiormedially: Semimembranosus
Inferiomedially and inferiorlaterally: medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius
Roof of the popliteal fossa
Popliteal fossa and skin
Floor of the popliteal fossa
Popliteal surface of the femur
Popliteus muscle
Contents of the popliteal fossa
- end of small saphenous vein
- popliteal artery and vein
- tibial and common fibular nerves
- posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Popliteal artery runs through the popliteal fossa then divides into what?
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Genicular anastomosis
- provides collateral circulation around knee
- arterial anastomosis of five genicular branches of popliteal artery
Branches of sciatic nerve
- occurs at the superior angle of the popliteal fossa
- branches into tibial and common fibular nerves
Branch of tibial nerve
Medial sural cutaneous nerve
This nerve continues down to produces branches in the foot
Why is common fibular nerve a commonly injuried
It winds around the fibular neck making injury more common
Branches of common fibular nerve
Sural communicating branch and lateral sural cutaneous
This nerve continues on to give more branches in the leg
Sural nerve
- formed by medial sural cutaneous and sural communicating branch
- supplies skin on posterior and lateral accepts of leg and lateral side of foot
What type of joint is the knee
Hinge synoival joint
What are the three articulation of the knee
Two femorotibial articulation (lateral and medial)
One femoropatellar articulation
What is a medial and lateral femorotibial articulation
In the knee, between the lateral and medial femoral and tibial condyles
What is the femoropatellar articulation
In the knee joint, between the patella and femur
What bone of the leg is not involved in the knee joint
Fibula
Articularis genu muscle
Pulls on the suprapatellar bursa when the knee is extended
Collateral ligaments
- Taut when knee is fully extended
- During increased flexion of knee they premit rotation at knee
Lateral collateral ligament
- LCL, fibular collateral ligament
- runs from lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral surface of the head of fibula
Medial collateral ligament
- MCL, tibial collateral ligament
- runs from the medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia
Oblique popliteal ligament
- expansion of the tendon of Semimembranosus
- strengthen the joint capsule posteriorly
- runs from the posterior medial tibial condyle to the central part of the joint capsule
Arcuate popliteal ligament
Posterior fibular head to spreading over the posterior surface of the knee joint
Cruciate ligaments
- join the femur and tibia
- crisscross (X)
Anterior Cruciate ligament
- ACL
- anterior intercondylar area of tibia to the lateral condyle of femur
- limits posterior rolling of femoral condyle on the tibial plateau
- limits hyper extension of knee
Posterior Cruciate ligament
- posterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial condyle of femur
- limits anterior rolling of femur on tibial plateau during extension
- prevents hyper flexion
Menisci of knee joint
- plates of fibrocartilage in the articular surface
- deepens the surface and is a shock absorber
There’s a lateral and medial meniscus
(Medial meniscus is attached to the MCL)
Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
Joins the lateral meniscus with the PCL and medial femoral condyle
Movements of the knee joint
Flexion and extension
Some rotation during flexion
Subcutaneous prepatellar and infrapatellar bursae
Allow skin to move freely during knee movements
Tibiofibular joint
Two joints:
- tibiofibular joint (superior)
- tibiofibular syndemosis
(Also has the interosseous membrane been the shafts of the two bones)
Superior tibiofibular joint
- plane synovial
- between the flat facet of fibular head and facet on the lateral tibial condyle
- strengthened by anterior and posterior ligaments of the head of fibula
Tibiofibular syndemosis
- Compound fibrous joint
- important for stabilizing ankle joint
- has strong interosseous tibiofibular ligament along with anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
Medial and lateral retinacula
Vastus medialis and lateralis attach to the quadrate tendon and the patella by way of these
What is the q angle
Angle from the ASIS to the middle of the patella
Genu varum
- bowleg
- smaller angle
- Vargus stress (medial stress)
Genu Valgus
- knock knee
- larger angle
- Valgus stress (lateral stress)
