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Gross Anatomy: Unit Four. > Posterior Thigh, Popliteal Fossa And Knee > Flashcards

Posterior Thigh, Popliteal Fossa And Knee Flashcards

0
Q

Semitendinosus insertion

A

Medial surface of superior part of tibia

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1
Q

Semitendinosus origin

A

Ischial tuberosity

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2
Q

Semitendious innervation and action

A

-tibial division of sciatic nerve

  • extend hip joint
  • flex knee joint
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3
Q

Semimembranosus origin

A

Ischial tuberosity

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4
Q

Semimembranosus insertion

A

Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia

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5
Q

Semimembranosus innervation and action

A

-tibial division of sciatic nerve

  • extend hip joint
  • flex knee joint
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6
Q

Biceps femoris, long head and short head origin

A

Long: Ischial tuberosity
Short: linea aspera

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7
Q

Biceps femoris, long head and short head insertion

A

Both: Lateral side of head of fibula

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8
Q

Biceps femoris, long head and short head innervation

A

Long: tibial division of sciatic
Short: common fibulae division of sciatic

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9
Q

Biceps femoris, long head and short head action

A

Both: flexes knee joint

Extends hip joint

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10
Q

Patella

A

Sesamoid bone

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11
Q

What are the four muscles of the posterior thigh

A

Short head of biceps femoris
Long head of biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

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12
Q

What muscles are known as hamstrings

A

Long head of the biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

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13
Q

What are the common features of hamstring muscles

A
  • Act on two joints
  • Arise deep to gluteus Maximus in the Ischial tuberosity
  • innervates by tibial divisions of sciatic nerve
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14
Q

Boundaries of the popliteal fossa

A

Superior laterally: biceps femoris
Superiormedially: Semimembranosus
Inferiomedially and inferiorlaterally: medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius

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15
Q

Roof of the popliteal fossa

A

Popliteal fossa and skin

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16
Q

Floor of the popliteal fossa

A

Popliteal surface of the femur

Popliteus muscle

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17
Q

Contents of the popliteal fossa

A
  • end of small saphenous vein
  • popliteal artery and vein
  • tibial and common fibular nerves
  • posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
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18
Q

Popliteal artery runs through the popliteal fossa then divides into what?

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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19
Q

Genicular anastomosis

A
  • provides collateral circulation around knee

- arterial anastomosis of five genicular branches of popliteal artery

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20
Q

Branches of sciatic nerve

A
  • occurs at the superior angle of the popliteal fossa

- branches into tibial and common fibular nerves

21
Q

Branch of tibial nerve

A

Medial sural cutaneous nerve

This nerve continues down to produces branches in the foot

22
Q

Why is common fibular nerve a commonly injuried

A

It winds around the fibular neck making injury more common

23
Q

Branches of common fibular nerve

A

Sural communicating branch and lateral sural cutaneous

This nerve continues on to give more branches in the leg

24
Q

Sural nerve

A
  • formed by medial sural cutaneous and sural communicating branch
  • supplies skin on posterior and lateral accepts of leg and lateral side of foot
25
Q

What type of joint is the knee

A

Hinge synoival joint

26
Q

What are the three articulation of the knee

A

Two femorotibial articulation (lateral and medial)

One femoropatellar articulation

27
Q

What is a medial and lateral femorotibial articulation

A

In the knee, between the lateral and medial femoral and tibial condyles

28
Q

What is the femoropatellar articulation

A

In the knee joint, between the patella and femur

29
Q

What bone of the leg is not involved in the knee joint

A

Fibula

30
Q

Articularis genu muscle

A

Pulls on the suprapatellar bursa when the knee is extended

31
Q

Collateral ligaments

A
  • Taut when knee is fully extended

- During increased flexion of knee they premit rotation at knee

32
Q

Lateral collateral ligament

A
  • LCL, fibular collateral ligament

- runs from lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral surface of the head of fibula

33
Q

Medial collateral ligament

A
  • MCL, tibial collateral ligament

- runs from the medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia

34
Q

Oblique popliteal ligament

A
  • expansion of the tendon of Semimembranosus
  • strengthen the joint capsule posteriorly
  • runs from the posterior medial tibial condyle to the central part of the joint capsule
35
Q

Arcuate popliteal ligament

A

Posterior fibular head to spreading over the posterior surface of the knee joint

36
Q

Cruciate ligaments

A
  • join the femur and tibia

- crisscross (X)

37
Q

Anterior Cruciate ligament

A
  • ACL
  • anterior intercondylar area of tibia to the lateral condyle of femur
  • limits posterior rolling of femoral condyle on the tibial plateau
  • limits hyper extension of knee
38
Q

Posterior Cruciate ligament

A
  • posterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial condyle of femur
  • limits anterior rolling of femur on tibial plateau during extension
  • prevents hyper flexion
39
Q

Menisci of knee joint

A
  • plates of fibrocartilage in the articular surface
  • deepens the surface and is a shock absorber

There’s a lateral and medial meniscus
(Medial meniscus is attached to the MCL)

40
Q

Posterior meniscofemoral ligament

A

Joins the lateral meniscus with the PCL and medial femoral condyle

41
Q

Movements of the knee joint

A

Flexion and extension

Some rotation during flexion

42
Q

Subcutaneous prepatellar and infrapatellar bursae

A

Allow skin to move freely during knee movements

43
Q

Tibiofibular joint

A

Two joints:

  • tibiofibular joint (superior)
  • tibiofibular syndemosis

(Also has the interosseous membrane been the shafts of the two bones)

44
Q

Superior tibiofibular joint

A
  • plane synovial
  • between the flat facet of fibular head and facet on the lateral tibial condyle
  • strengthened by anterior and posterior ligaments of the head of fibula
45
Q

Tibiofibular syndemosis

A
  • Compound fibrous joint
  • important for stabilizing ankle joint
  • has strong interosseous tibiofibular ligament along with anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
46
Q

Medial and lateral retinacula

A

Vastus medialis and lateralis attach to the quadrate tendon and the patella by way of these

47
Q

What is the q angle

A

Angle from the ASIS to the middle of the patella

48
Q

Genu varum

A
  • bowleg
  • smaller angle
  • Vargus stress (medial stress)
49
Q

Genu Valgus

A
  • knock knee
  • larger angle
  • Valgus stress (lateral stress)

Gross Anatomy: Unit Four. (11 decks)

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