neck and superfical face Flashcards
hyoid bone
- anterior neck at level of c3
- between the mandible and thyoid cartilage
- doesnt articulate with bone
- helps to prop open the airways
thyroid cartilage
- at C4-C5 level
- beween the hyoid and cricoid cartiladge
cricoid cartilage
at the level of c6
platysma
- muscle of facial expression
- arises from subcutaneous tissue cvering the deltion and pectoralis major
- and insertion into the inferior border of the mandible
carotid sheath
tubular fascial investment that extends from the cranial base to the root of the neck contains: -common and internal carotid arteries -internal jugaluar vein -vagus nerve
retopharyngeal space
- premits ovemt of the pharynx, esophagus, larynx and trachea
- largest and most clinicaling important inter fascial space (due to spread of infection)
- closed by the carotid sheath
anterior cervical region of the neck boundaries
anterior: median line of neck
posterior: anterior border of sternocleudiomastoid
superior: inferior border of mandible
inferior: superior sternum
roof: platysma
floor: pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland
the four triangle of the anterior cervical region
submandibular (digastric
- submental
- carotid
- muscular
submental triangle
-inferior to chin
-unpaired
boundaries:
-apex: mandicular symphysis
-base: hyoid bone
-left and right anterior belies of digastric
-floor: two myohyoid muscles
-contains: small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein
submandibular triangle
-paired boundaries: -inferior border of mandible and the anterior and posterior bellies of digastric -floor: myohyoid and hypoglossus muscles contains: -mostly submandibular gland -hypoglossal nerve -myohyoid nerve -parts of the facial artery and vein
carotid triangle
boundaries: -superior belly of omohyoid, posterior belly of digastric and anterior border of sternocleuidomastoid contains: -common cartoid artery and branches -internal jugular -vagus nerve -external carotid artery and branches
muscular triangles
boundaries:
-superior belly of omohyoid
-anterior border of SCM
-median plane of the neck
contains:
-infrahyoid muscles and viscera (thyroid and parathyroid)
hyoid muscles function
steady and move the hyoid and larynx
suprahyoid muscles
-above hyoid
-supporting hyoid and porviding a base from which the tongue function and in elevating the hyoid and larynx with swallowing and tone production
-muscles included:
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid
diagastric
fibrous sling
- alongs the intermediate tendon to slide anteriorly and posteriorly as it connects this tendon the bone
- digastric and omohyoid muscles both have this
mylohyoid origin
myohyoid line of mandible
mylohyoid insertion
body of ramus
mylohyoid innervaton and action
- nerve to mylohyoid (branch from inferior alveolar nerve, from CN V3)
- elevted hyoid, floor of mouth and tongue during swallowing and speaking
geniohyoid origin
inferior mental spine of the mandible
geniohyoid insertion
body of hyoid
geniohyoid innervation and action
- C1 via hypoglossal nerve
- widens phrynx, shortens floor of mouth
stylohyoid origin
styoid process of temporal bone
stylohyoid insertion
body of hyoid
stylohyoid innervation and action
- facial nerve
- elevates and retracts the hyoid
digastric origin
anterior belly: diagastic fossa of mandible
posterior belly: mastoid notch of temporal bone
digastric insertion
both: intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid
digastric innervation
anterior belly: nerve to myohyoid
posterior belly: diagastric branch of facial nerve
infrahyoid muscles
-anchor the scapula, hyoid, sternum, clavicle and depresses the hyoid and larynx during swallowing and speaking
-strap muscles
muscles include:
sternohyoid, omohyoid
sternothyoid, thyrohoid
digastric action
- depresses mandible against resistance when working with the muscles below
- elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking
sternohyoid origin
manubrium of sternum
sternohyoid insertion
body of hyoid
sternohyoid innervation and action
- c1-3 by a branch of ansa cervialis
- depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing
omohyoid origin
superior border of scapula nerve suprascapular notch
omohyoid insertion
inferior borer of hyoid
omohyoid innervation and action
- c1-c3 by a branch of ansa cervialis
- depresses, retracts abnd steadies the hyoid
sternothyroid origin
posterior surface of the manubrium of the sternum
sternothyroid insertion
oblique line of thyoid cartiladge
sternothyroid innervation and action
c2 and c3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis
depresses hyid and larynx
thyrohyoid origin
oblique line of thyoid carilage
thyrohyoid insertion
inferior border of body of hyoid
thyrohyoid innervation and action
c1 via hypoglossal nerve
depresses hyoid and elevates larynx
vertebral level of the bifurcation of common carotid
c4
branches of common carotid artery
internal carotid artery
external carotid artery
branches of external carotid artery
superior thyoid artery lingual artery fascial artery occipital artery ascending pharyngeal artery posterior auricular artery
terminal branches of external cartoid artery
maxillary and superior temporal arteries
branches of subclavian artery
- vertebral artery
- internal thoracic artery
- thyrocervial trunk
- costocervial artery
branches of thyrocervial trunk
- suprascapluar artery
- cervicodorsal trunk also known as transverse cervical artery (which branches to dorsal scapular)
- inferior thyroid (terminal branch)
carotid sinus
- proximal base of internal carotid artery at bifurcation
- its a baroreceptor that tracks the increased arterial blood pressure
innervation of the carotids
-glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve
carotid body
-chemoreceptor that monitors the level of oxygen in the blood
internal juguar vein
- largest vein in the neck
- drains brain, anterior face, cervial viscera, deep muscles of the neck
- in the carotid sheath
- joins with subclavian to form the brachiocephalic vein
anterior jugular vein
- drains into external jugular vein
- above the manubrium the right and left anterior jugular arteries unite across the midline to form the julgular venous arch
venous angle
- where subclavian joins with the internal jugular vein
- this is where the thoracic duct (left) and right lympathic trunk (right) drain
three pairs of major nerve in the root of the neck
- vagus
- phrenic
- sympathetic trunks
cervical visvera (3 layers)
- endocrine (thyroid and parathyroid)
- respiratory (larynx and trachea)
- alimentary (pharynx and esophagus)
endrocrine
ductless, hormone-serceting glands (parathyroid and thyroid)
thyroid gland
- controls the rate of metabolism
- at C5-T1
- right and left lobes of united by the isthmus
parathyroid gland
- regulated by hormones
- four glands that make it up
What two muscles work together to keep food between teeth during chewing
- buccinator
- orbicularis oris
what nerve does all facial muscles
facial nerve
Innervates the motor to fascial expression muscles
occipitofrontalis origin
frontal belly: epicranial aponerous
occipital belly: lateral two thirds of the superior nuchal line
occipitofrontal insertion
frontal belly: skin of eyebrows and forehead
occipital belly: epicranial aponerous
orbicularis oculi origin and insertion
- oribital sphincter
origin: lacrimal bone
insertion: skin around margin of orbit
orbicularis oculi action
-closes eyelids
Palpebral part: closes gently
Orbital part: closes tightly, winking
occipitofrontal action
frontal belly: elevates eyebrows
occipital belly: retracts scalp
orbicularis oris origin and insertion
- sphincter of the mouth
- first of many sphincters of the digestive tract
origin: angle of the mouth, medial maxilla and mandible
insertion: mucous membrane of lips
orbicularis oris action
kissing, closing mouth, blowing
buccinator origin and insertion
- cheek muscle
- keeps cheeks taut
origin: mandible
insertion: orbicularis oris
buccinator action
- sucking, whistling, blowing
- presses cheeks against the teeth
what is the cutaneous nerve supply for the posterior ear
- spinal cutaneous nerves c2-c3
- greater auricular and lesser occipital
terminal of fascial artery
-anguar artery (supplies the medial angle of the eye)
What artery supplies the cranium
-Middle meningeal artery, branch from maxillary artery
Facial vein
- provides the primary superifical venous drainage of face
- drains into internal jugular vein
retromandibular vein
- branches interior anterior branch and posterior branch
- anterior branch drains into facial
- posterior branch joins with posterior auricular vein to from the external jugular vein
Parotid gland
- largest of the three paired salivary glands
- enclosed in parotid sheath
- lies in parotid bed
Parotid duct
runs from the parotid gland the pieres through the buccinator
the branches of facial nerve
temoral zygomatic buccal marginal mandibular cervial
What nerve does the muscles of mastication
Mandibular branch of trigeminal
