neck and superfical face Flashcards
1
Q
hyoid bone
A
- anterior neck at level of c3
- between the mandible and thyoid cartilage
- doesnt articulate with bone
- helps to prop open the airways
2
Q
thyroid cartilage
A
- at C4-C5 level
- beween the hyoid and cricoid cartiladge
3
Q
cricoid cartilage
A
at the level of c6
4
Q
platysma
A
- muscle of facial expression
- arises from subcutaneous tissue cvering the deltion and pectoralis major
- and insertion into the inferior border of the mandible
5
Q
carotid sheath
A
tubular fascial investment that extends from the cranial base to the root of the neck contains: -common and internal carotid arteries -internal jugaluar vein -vagus nerve
6
Q
retopharyngeal space
A
- premits ovemt of the pharynx, esophagus, larynx and trachea
- largest and most clinicaling important inter fascial space (due to spread of infection)
- closed by the carotid sheath
7
Q
anterior cervical region of the neck boundaries
A
anterior: median line of neck
posterior: anterior border of sternocleudiomastoid
superior: inferior border of mandible
inferior: superior sternum
roof: platysma
floor: pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland
8
Q
the four triangle of the anterior cervical region
A
submandibular (digastric
- submental
- carotid
- muscular
9
Q
submental triangle
A
-inferior to chin
-unpaired
boundaries:
-apex: mandicular symphysis
-base: hyoid bone
-left and right anterior belies of digastric
-floor: two myohyoid muscles
-contains: small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein
10
Q
submandibular triangle
A
-paired boundaries: -inferior border of mandible and the anterior and posterior bellies of digastric -floor: myohyoid and hypoglossus muscles contains: -mostly submandibular gland -hypoglossal nerve -myohyoid nerve -parts of the facial artery and vein
11
Q
carotid triangle
A
boundaries: -superior belly of omohyoid, posterior belly of digastric and anterior border of sternocleuidomastoid contains: -common cartoid artery and branches -internal jugular -vagus nerve -external carotid artery and branches
12
Q
muscular triangles
A
boundaries:
-superior belly of omohyoid
-anterior border of SCM
-median plane of the neck
contains:
-infrahyoid muscles and viscera (thyroid and parathyroid)
13
Q
hyoid muscles function
A
steady and move the hyoid and larynx
14
Q
suprahyoid muscles
A
-above hyoid
-supporting hyoid and porviding a base from which the tongue function and in elevating the hyoid and larynx with swallowing and tone production
-muscles included:
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid
diagastric
15
Q
fibrous sling
A
- alongs the intermediate tendon to slide anteriorly and posteriorly as it connects this tendon the bone
- digastric and omohyoid muscles both have this
16
Q
mylohyoid origin
A
myohyoid line of mandible
17
Q
mylohyoid insertion
A
body of ramus
18
Q
mylohyoid innervaton and action
A
- nerve to mylohyoid (branch from inferior alveolar nerve, from CN V3)
- elevted hyoid, floor of mouth and tongue during swallowing and speaking
19
Q
geniohyoid origin
A
inferior mental spine of the mandible
20
Q
geniohyoid insertion
A
body of hyoid
21
Q
geniohyoid innervation and action
A
- C1 via hypoglossal nerve
- widens phrynx, shortens floor of mouth
22
Q
stylohyoid origin
A
styoid process of temporal bone
23
Q
stylohyoid insertion
A
body of hyoid
24
Q
stylohyoid innervation and action
A
- facial nerve
- elevates and retracts the hyoid
25
digastric origin
anterior belly: diagastic fossa of mandible
| posterior belly: mastoid notch of temporal bone
26
digastric insertion
both: intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid
27
digastric innervation
anterior belly: nerve to myohyoid
| posterior belly: diagastric branch of facial nerve
28
infrahyoid muscles
-anchor the scapula, hyoid, sternum, clavicle and depresses the hyoid and larynx during swallowing and speaking
-strap muscles
muscles include:
sternohyoid, omohyoid
sternothyoid, thyrohoid
29
digastric action
- depresses mandible against resistance when working with the muscles below
- elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking
30
sternohyoid origin
manubrium of sternum
31
sternohyoid insertion
body of hyoid
32
sternohyoid innervation and action
- c1-3 by a branch of ansa cervialis
| - depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing
33
omohyoid origin
superior border of scapula nerve suprascapular notch
34
omohyoid insertion
inferior borer of hyoid
35
omohyoid innervation and action
- c1-c3 by a branch of ansa cervialis
| - depresses, retracts abnd steadies the hyoid
36
sternothyroid origin
posterior surface of the manubrium of the sternum
37
sternothyroid insertion
oblique line of thyoid cartiladge
38
sternothyroid innervation and action
c2 and c3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis
| depresses hyid and larynx
39
thyrohyoid origin
oblique line of thyoid carilage
40
thyrohyoid insertion
inferior border of body of hyoid
41
thyrohyoid innervation and action
c1 via hypoglossal nerve
| depresses hyoid and elevates larynx
42
vertebral level of the bifurcation of common carotid
c4
43
branches of common carotid artery
internal carotid artery
| external carotid artery
44
branches of external carotid artery
```
superior thyoid artery
lingual artery
fascial artery
occipital artery
ascending pharyngeal artery
posterior auricular artery
```
45
terminal branches of external cartoid artery
maxillary and superior temporal arteries
46
branches of subclavian artery
- vertebral artery
- internal thoracic artery
- thyrocervial trunk
- costocervial artery
47
branches of thyrocervial trunk
- suprascapluar artery
- cervicodorsal trunk also known as transverse cervical artery (which branches to dorsal scapular)
- inferior thyroid (terminal branch)
48
carotid sinus
- proximal base of internal carotid artery at bifurcation
| - its a baroreceptor that tracks the increased arterial blood pressure
49
innervation of the carotids
-glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve
50
carotid body
-chemoreceptor that monitors the level of oxygen in the blood
51
internal juguar vein
- largest vein in the neck
- drains brain, anterior face, cervial viscera, deep muscles of the neck
- in the carotid sheath
- joins with subclavian to form the brachiocephalic vein
52
anterior jugular vein
- drains into external jugular vein
- above the manubrium the right and left anterior jugular arteries unite across the midline to form the julgular venous arch
53
venous angle
- where subclavian joins with the internal jugular vein
| - this is where the thoracic duct (left) and right lympathic trunk (right) drain
54
three pairs of major nerve in the root of the neck
- vagus
- phrenic
- sympathetic trunks
55
cervical visvera (3 layers)
- endocrine (thyroid and parathyroid)
- respiratory (larynx and trachea)
- alimentary (pharynx and esophagus)
56
endrocrine
ductless, hormone-serceting glands (parathyroid and thyroid)
57
thyroid gland
- controls the rate of metabolism
- at C5-T1
- right and left lobes of united by the isthmus
58
parathyroid gland
- regulated by hormones
| - four glands that make it up
59
What two muscles work together to keep food between teeth during chewing
- buccinator
| - orbicularis oris
60
what nerve does all facial muscles
facial nerve
Innervates the motor to fascial expression muscles
61
occipitofrontalis origin
frontal belly: epicranial aponerous
| occipital belly: lateral two thirds of the superior nuchal line
62
occipitofrontal insertion
frontal belly: skin of eyebrows and forehead
| occipital belly: epicranial aponerous
63
orbicularis oculi origin and insertion
- oribital sphincter
origin: lacrimal bone
insertion: skin around margin of orbit
64
orbicularis oculi action
-closes eyelids
Palpebral part: closes gently
Orbital part: closes tightly, winking
65
occipitofrontal action
frontal belly: elevates eyebrows
| occipital belly: retracts scalp
66
orbicularis oris origin and insertion
- sphincter of the mouth
- first of many sphincters of the digestive tract
origin: angle of the mouth, medial maxilla and mandible
insertion: mucous membrane of lips
67
orbicularis oris action
kissing, closing mouth, blowing
68
buccinator origin and insertion
- cheek muscle
- keeps cheeks taut
origin: mandible
insertion: orbicularis oris
69
buccinator action
- sucking, whistling, blowing
| - presses cheeks against the teeth
70
what is the cutaneous nerve supply for the posterior ear
- spinal cutaneous nerves c2-c3
| - greater auricular and lesser occipital
71
terminal of fascial artery
-anguar artery (supplies the medial angle of the eye)
72
What artery supplies the cranium
-Middle meningeal artery, branch from maxillary artery
73
Facial vein
- provides the primary superifical venous drainage of face
| - drains into internal jugular vein
74
retromandibular vein
- branches interior anterior branch and posterior branch
- anterior branch drains into facial
- posterior branch joins with posterior auricular vein to from the external jugular vein
75
Parotid gland
- largest of the three paired salivary glands
- enclosed in parotid sheath
- lies in parotid bed
76
Parotid duct
runs from the parotid gland the pieres through the buccinator
77
the branches of facial nerve
```
temoral
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular
cervial
```
78
What nerve does the muscles of mastication
Mandibular branch of trigeminal
