mastication, larynx,pharynx and everything else Flashcards
temporalis origin
temporal fossa
temporalis insertion
anterior border of remus of mandible
coronoid process of mandible
temporalis innervation and action
- branch of mandicular branch of trigeminal nerve
- elevates mandible, closing jaw
masseter origin
zygomatic arch
masseter insertion
angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible
masseter innervation and action
- branch of mandicular branch of trigeminal nerve
- elevates mandible
lateral pterygoid origin
two heads:
1) greater wing of sphenoid
2) lateral pterygoid plate
lateral pterygoid insertion
- ) (superior head) joint capsule of the TMJ
2) (inferior head) condyloid process of mandible
lateral pterygoid innervation and action
- branch of mandicular branch of trigeminal nerve
- bilaterally: protacts jaw
- unilaterally: swings jaw
medial pterygoid origin
1) lateral pterygoid plate
2. ) tuberosity of maxilla
medial pterygoid insertion
medial surface of ramus of mandible
medial pterygoid innervation and action
- branch of mandicular branch of trigeminal nerve
- elevates mandible, contribuates to protrusion of jaw
Temporal fossa boundaries
Posteriorly and superiorly: superior and inferior temporal lines
Anteriorly: frontal and zygomatic bones
Laterally: zygomatic arch
Inferiorly: infra femoral
Floor: temporal fossa that is made of four bones (frontal, parietal, temporal and greater wing of sphenoid)
Hypophysis
- pituitary stalk sits here
- in the Stella turica
Infra temporal fossa boundaries
Laterally: Ramus of mandible
Medially: lateral pterygoid plate
Anteriorly: posterior ascept of the maxilla
Posteriorly: mastoid and Styloid process of temporal bone
Superiorly: greater wing of sphenoid
Inferiorly: medial pterygoid muscle attachment to mandible
Contents of infra temporal fossa
- lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
- maxillary artery
- pterygoid venous plexus (
- mandibular, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal, chorda tympani nerves
maxillary atery
- larger terminal branch of external carotid artery
- divided into three in relation to the lateral pterygoid muscle
- 1.) middle meningeal and inferior alveoli
mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
- at the infratemporal fossa it divides into posterior and anterior trunks
- large posterior trunk: inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve
- anterior trunk: buccal nerve
inferior alveolar nerve
- enter mandibular foramen then through the mandibular canal
- before this it sends the mylohyoid branch off
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
- modified hinge joint
- movements in three plane
- between the head of mandible, articular tubercule of temporal bone, mandibualr fossa
- articular disc divids the joint cavity into two seperate synovial compartment
- joint capsule is loose
- Postglenoid tubercule: prevents posterior disloction
Ligaments of the TMJ joint
2 extrinsic ligaments and a lateral ligament
- ) Stylomandibular
- ) Sphenomandibular
Lateral Ligament: strengthens joint laterally
Stylomandibular ligament
- TMJ
- styloid process to angle of mandible
- doesnt contribute alot to the strength of the joint
Sphenomandibular ligament
- TMJ
- sphenoid to lingula of mandible
- “swing rope”
What movement allows the jaw to open wider
-Translation of the head of the mandible and articualr surface
TMJ movements are produced cheifly by what?
muscles of mastication
elevation of mandible occurs from what muscles
- temporalis
- masseter
- medial pterygoid
depression of the mandible occurs from what muscles
- lateraly pterygoid
- supra and infra hyoid muscles
protrusion of the mandible occurs from what muscles
- lateral pterygoid
- masseter
- medial pterygoid
the lateral pterygoid is the prime mover
retrusion of the mandible occurs from what muscles
-temporalis and masseter
lateral movement of mandible occurs from what muscles
temoralis of the same side
pterygoids of oppposite side
masseter
functions of respiratory viscera
- routing air and food into respiratory
- providing airway and tone
Larynx
- organ of voice production
- vital function is to guard air passageway
- at C3-C6
- vocal folds that control sound production
Laryngeal Skeleton
- Thyroid Cartilage
- Cricoid Cartilage
- Arytenoid Cartilage
- Epiglottic cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
- largest cartilage of the thyroid
- at C4
- has the laryngeal prominence (Adams Apple)
- Thyrohyoid membrane: how the superior border and superior horns of larynx attach to the hyoid
Cricoid Cartilage
-complete ring around the airway (only cartilage in respiratory tract to do so)
Arytenoid Cartilage
-has vocal proceses and muscular processes
Epiglottic Cartilage
-elastic cartilage give flexibility to epiglottis
Vocal folds
- source of sound (tone) that come from the larynx
- contains: vocal ligaments and vocalis muscle
Muscules of larynx
- extrinsic laryngeal muscles (move the laryx as a whole)
- intrinsic laryngeal muscles (move the laryngeal parts)
-most innervated by recurrent laryngeal verve (branch of vagus)
Trachea
- extending from larynx to thorax
- fibrocartilaginous tube
Flow of food
Oral cavity, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, esophagus
Flow of air
Nasal cavity, nasal pharynx, larynx, trachea
What blocks of the nasopharynx when food enters the oral cavity
Uluva
Pharynx
Divided into three parts:
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
Deglutition
- swallowing
- process of transferring food bolus from mouth through the pharynx and esophagus into the stomach
- three stages:
1) voluntary
2) involuntary
3) involuntary
The external layer of the muscles of the pharynx
Superior, Middle, and Inferior pharyngeal constrictors
Common action for the pharyngeal constrictors
Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing
Superior pharyngeal constrictor origin and insertion
- external layer of pharynx muscles
- origin: side of tongue, pterygoid hamulus
- insertion: pharyngeal tubercle
Common innervation for the external layer of pharynx muscles
Pharyngeal branch of vagus
Middle pharyngeal constrictor origin and insertion
Origin: greater and lessor horns of hyoid
Insertion; pharyngeal raphe
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor origin and insertion
Origin: thyroid cartilage
Insertion: pharyngoesophageal junction
Stylopharyngeus origin and insertion
Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion: thyroid cartilage
Stlyopharyngeus innervation and action
Glossy pharyngeal nerve
Elevate pharynx during swelling and speaking
Common action for the internal layer of pharynx muscles
Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking
Palatine tonsils
concentrated collections of lymphoid tissue that lies in the tonsillar sinuses
-on either side of the oropharynx
Pharyngeal muscles
-wall of pharynx has muscles layers composed entirely of vountary muscle
Gag reflex
- located on the posterior tongue
- CN 9 and 10 are responsible for the muscular contraction of each side of the oropharynx
- CN 9 afferent limb of gg reflex
what supplies senory to the mucous membrane of the nsopharynx
Maxilary nerve
Esophagus
- muscular tube that extends from larynophalanx at the pharyngo-esophageal junction to the stomach
- striated (voluntary) and smooth (involuntary) muscles
Bones that make up the orbit
- Ethmoid
- Frontal
- Lacrimal
- Maxilla
- Nasal
- Palatine
- Sphenoid
- Zygomatic
What is the apex of the orbit
- optic canal
- which is in the lesser wing of the sphenoid
Lacrimal Gland
-lacrimal fluid secreted by this gland helps to protect the cornea and eyeball from injury and irritation (along with the eyelid)
What muscle of the eye is opposed most of the time by gravity
Levator Palpebrae Superiors
Movement of the eye
- adduction, abduction
- elevation, depression
- medial and lateral rotation
-these movement require multiple muscles working together or againist each other to produce the motion
What are the triangular expansions from the sheaths of medial and lateral rectus muscles
- Medial and lateral cheek ligaments
- which attach to lacrimal and zygomatic
- help to limit abduction and adduction of eye
Nerves the innervation the muscles of the eye
SO4 LR6 all the rest are three
Branches of ophthalmic berve seen in the eye
- lacrimal nerve
- frontal nerve
- nasociliary
all are branches from the opthalmic branch of trigeminal
`Lacrimal nerve
-to the lacrimal gland
Frontal nerve
- providing sensory innervation to the superior eyelid, scalp and forehead
- this nerve bificate into supraorbital and suprathyroid
ophthalmic artery
- runs through the optic canal with the optic nerve
- a branch off of internal carotid artery
- supplies the eye
pupillary light reflex
- testing cn 2 and 3
- testing the ability to constrict the pupil iwht a light shined at them
corneal reflex
- wisp of cotton is brushed across the cornea
- normal response to to blink the eye
- absense of a blink could be a problem with CN V1 or CN 7
Contents of the oral cavity
teeth gums tongue -palate -regions of the palatine tonsils
what happens in the oral cavity
this is where food is prepared for digestion
leaves the cavity at a bolus
the two parts of the oral cavity
- oral vestibule
- oral cavity proper
Oral vestibule
- part of the oral cavity
- space between lips & cheek and teeth & gums
- labial and buccal glands are here
Oral cavity proper
space posterior and medial to the upper and lower dental arches
-when the mouth is closed and the tougue at rest, the tongue takes up most of the oral cavity
Palate
-consists of a hard and soft palate
(hard is anterior, soft is posterior)
-getting blood supply from right and left greater palatine artery (which is a branch from maxillary artery)
Hard palate
- oral cavity
- concave
- space is filled with the tongue when it is at rest
soft palate
- moveable posterior third
- has the uvula
- when swallowing, the sofe palate allows the tongue to presse against is to help squeeze bolus to the back
Tongue
- Genioglossus: muscle that makes up the bulk of the tongue
- mobilie muscular organ that can assume varietes shapes and positions
- in the oral proper cavity and oropharynx
- assits with chewing, taste, swallowing, and speech
- has taste buds
Innervation of the tongue: Motor
hypoglossal nerve
innervation to the sensory of the posterior 1/3 of tongue
glosopharyngeal nerve
innervation to the sensory and taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
sensory: lingual branch of v3
taste: Chorda tymani (branch of facial nerve)
blood supply to the tongue
lingual artery (branch of external carotid)
Three salivary glands
parotid gland
submandibular
sublingual
Parotid gland
- largest gland
- located between the ramus of mandible and styloid& mastoid process of temporal bone
- in addition to digestive functtion, the secretion washes food particles into the mouth proper cavity
- supplies by external carotid artery
submandibular gland
- lies along the body of the mandible
- submental artery supplies it (branch of facial artery)
Sublingual gland
- small and deepest gland
- floor of mouth between mandible and genioglossus muscle
- submental artery supply
Nose: info
- contains organ of smell
- right and left cavitites seperated by the nasal spetum
- functions: olfaction, repiration, filtraction
Bony parts of the nose
- nasal
- maxillaw
- frontal
- nasal septum (ethmoid and vomer)
Boundaries of the nasal cavity
Roof: curved and narrow
Floor: formed by the hard palate
Medial wall: nasal septum
lateral wall: uneven due to the three conchae
Nasal conchae
- divide the nasal cavity into four air passages
- three conchae: superior, middle, inferior
- along with the sphenoethmoidal recesses
- three elevations that project inferiorly like scrolls, and curve inferomedially forming the roof for a meatus
Meatus
- also know as recess
- opening or foramen
what nerve supplies the posterio-inferior half to 2/3 of nasal mucosa
CN v2
paranasal sinuses
airfilles extension of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity in the following bones: frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla
(the paranasal sinuses are names occuring: frontal, ethmoidal cells, Sphenoidal, Maxillary)
