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Gross Anatomy: Unit Four. > mastication, larynx,pharynx and everything else > Flashcards

mastication, larynx,pharynx and everything else Flashcards

1
Q

temporalis origin

A

temporal fossa

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2
Q

temporalis insertion

A

anterior border of remus of mandible

coronoid process of mandible

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3
Q

temporalis innervation and action

A
  • branch of mandicular branch of trigeminal nerve

- elevates mandible, closing jaw

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4
Q

masseter origin

A

zygomatic arch

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5
Q

masseter insertion

A

angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible

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6
Q

masseter innervation and action

A
  • branch of mandicular branch of trigeminal nerve

- elevates mandible

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7
Q

lateral pterygoid origin

A

two heads:

1) greater wing of sphenoid
2) lateral pterygoid plate

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8
Q

lateral pterygoid insertion

A
  1. ) (superior head) joint capsule of the TMJ

2) (inferior head) condyloid process of mandible

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9
Q

lateral pterygoid innervation and action

A
  • branch of mandicular branch of trigeminal nerve
  • bilaterally: protacts jaw
  • unilaterally: swings jaw
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10
Q

medial pterygoid origin

A

1) lateral pterygoid plate

2. ) tuberosity of maxilla

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11
Q

medial pterygoid insertion

A

medial surface of ramus of mandible

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12
Q

medial pterygoid innervation and action

A
  • branch of mandicular branch of trigeminal nerve

- elevates mandible, contribuates to protrusion of jaw

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13
Q

Temporal fossa boundaries

A

Posteriorly and superiorly: superior and inferior temporal lines
Anteriorly: frontal and zygomatic bones
Laterally: zygomatic arch
Inferiorly: infra femoral
Floor: temporal fossa that is made of four bones (frontal, parietal, temporal and greater wing of sphenoid)

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14
Q

Hypophysis

A
  • pituitary stalk sits here

- in the Stella turica

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15
Q

Infra temporal fossa boundaries

A

Laterally: Ramus of mandible
Medially: lateral pterygoid plate
Anteriorly: posterior ascept of the maxilla
Posteriorly: mastoid and Styloid process of temporal bone
Superiorly: greater wing of sphenoid
Inferiorly: medial pterygoid muscle attachment to mandible

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16
Q

Contents of infra temporal fossa

A
  • lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
  • maxillary artery
  • pterygoid venous plexus (
  • mandibular, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal, chorda tympani nerves
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17
Q

maxillary atery

A
  • larger terminal branch of external carotid artery
  • divided into three in relation to the lateral pterygoid muscle
  • 1.) middle meningeal and inferior alveoli
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18
Q

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

A
  • at the infratemporal fossa it divides into posterior and anterior trunks
  • large posterior trunk: inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve
  • anterior trunk: buccal nerve
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19
Q

inferior alveolar nerve

A
  • enter mandibular foramen then through the mandibular canal

- before this it sends the mylohyoid branch off

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20
Q

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

A
  • modified hinge joint
  • movements in three plane
  • between the head of mandible, articular tubercule of temporal bone, mandibualr fossa
  • articular disc divids the joint cavity into two seperate synovial compartment
  • joint capsule is loose
  • Postglenoid tubercule: prevents posterior disloction
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21
Q

Ligaments of the TMJ joint

A

2 extrinsic ligaments and a lateral ligament

  1. ) Stylomandibular
  2. ) Sphenomandibular

Lateral Ligament: strengthens joint laterally

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22
Q

Stylomandibular ligament

A
  • TMJ
  • styloid process to angle of mandible
  • doesnt contribute alot to the strength of the joint
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23
Q

Sphenomandibular ligament

A
  • TMJ
  • sphenoid to lingula of mandible
  • “swing rope”
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24
Q

What movement allows the jaw to open wider

A

-Translation of the head of the mandible and articualr surface

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25
Q

TMJ movements are produced cheifly by what?

A

muscles of mastication

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26
Q

elevation of mandible occurs from what muscles

A
  • temporalis
  • masseter
  • medial pterygoid
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27
Q

depression of the mandible occurs from what muscles

A
  • lateraly pterygoid

- supra and infra hyoid muscles

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28
Q

protrusion of the mandible occurs from what muscles

A
  • lateral pterygoid
  • masseter
  • medial pterygoid

the lateral pterygoid is the prime mover

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29
Q

retrusion of the mandible occurs from what muscles

A

-temporalis and masseter

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30
Q

lateral movement of mandible occurs from what muscles

A

temoralis of the same side
pterygoids of oppposite side
masseter

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31
Q

functions of respiratory viscera

A
  • routing air and food into respiratory

- providing airway and tone

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32
Q

Larynx

A
  • organ of voice production
  • vital function is to guard air passageway
  • at C3-C6
  • vocal folds that control sound production
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33
Q

Laryngeal Skeleton

A
  • Thyroid Cartilage
  • Cricoid Cartilage
  • Arytenoid Cartilage
  • Epiglottic cartilage
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34
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A
  • largest cartilage of the thyroid
  • at C4
  • has the laryngeal prominence (Adams Apple)
  • Thyrohyoid membrane: how the superior border and superior horns of larynx attach to the hyoid
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35
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A

-complete ring around the airway (only cartilage in respiratory tract to do so)

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36
Q

Arytenoid Cartilage

A

-has vocal proceses and muscular processes

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37
Q

Epiglottic Cartilage

A

-elastic cartilage give flexibility to epiglottis

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38
Q

Vocal folds

A
  • source of sound (tone) that come from the larynx

- contains: vocal ligaments and vocalis muscle

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39
Q

Muscules of larynx

A
  • extrinsic laryngeal muscles (move the laryx as a whole)
  • intrinsic laryngeal muscles (move the laryngeal parts)

-most innervated by recurrent laryngeal verve (branch of vagus)

40
Q

Trachea

A
  • extending from larynx to thorax

- fibrocartilaginous tube

41
Q

Flow of food

A

Oral cavity, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, esophagus

42
Q

Flow of air

A

Nasal cavity, nasal pharynx, larynx, trachea

43
Q

What blocks of the nasopharynx when food enters the oral cavity

A

Uluva

44
Q

Pharynx

A

Divided into three parts:

  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
45
Q

Deglutition

A
  • swallowing
  • process of transferring food bolus from mouth through the pharynx and esophagus into the stomach
  • three stages:
    1) voluntary
    2) involuntary
    3) involuntary
46
Q

The external layer of the muscles of the pharynx

A

Superior, Middle, and Inferior pharyngeal constrictors

47
Q

Common action for the pharyngeal constrictors

A

Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing

48
Q

Superior pharyngeal constrictor origin and insertion

A
  • external layer of pharynx muscles
  • origin: side of tongue, pterygoid hamulus
  • insertion: pharyngeal tubercle
49
Q

Common innervation for the external layer of pharynx muscles

A

Pharyngeal branch of vagus

50
Q

Middle pharyngeal constrictor origin and insertion

A

Origin: greater and lessor horns of hyoid

Insertion; pharyngeal raphe

51
Q

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor origin and insertion

A

Origin: thyroid cartilage
Insertion: pharyngoesophageal junction

52
Q

Stylopharyngeus origin and insertion

A

Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion: thyroid cartilage

53
Q

Stlyopharyngeus innervation and action

A

Glossy pharyngeal nerve

Elevate pharynx during swelling and speaking

54
Q

Common action for the internal layer of pharynx muscles

A

Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking

55
Q

Palatine tonsils

A

concentrated collections of lymphoid tissue that lies in the tonsillar sinuses
-on either side of the oropharynx

56
Q

Pharyngeal muscles

A

-wall of pharynx has muscles layers composed entirely of vountary muscle

57
Q

Gag reflex

A
  • located on the posterior tongue
  • CN 9 and 10 are responsible for the muscular contraction of each side of the oropharynx
  • CN 9 afferent limb of gg reflex
58
Q

what supplies senory to the mucous membrane of the nsopharynx

A

Maxilary nerve

59
Q

Esophagus

A
  • muscular tube that extends from larynophalanx at the pharyngo-esophageal junction to the stomach
  • striated (voluntary) and smooth (involuntary) muscles
60
Q

Bones that make up the orbit

A
  • Ethmoid
  • Frontal
  • Lacrimal
  • Maxilla
  • Nasal
  • Palatine
  • Sphenoid
  • Zygomatic
61
Q

What is the apex of the orbit

A
  • optic canal

- which is in the lesser wing of the sphenoid

62
Q

Lacrimal Gland

A

-lacrimal fluid secreted by this gland helps to protect the cornea and eyeball from injury and irritation (along with the eyelid)

63
Q

What muscle of the eye is opposed most of the time by gravity

A

Levator Palpebrae Superiors

64
Q

Movement of the eye

A
  • adduction, abduction
  • elevation, depression
  • medial and lateral rotation

-these movement require multiple muscles working together or againist each other to produce the motion

65
Q

What are the triangular expansions from the sheaths of medial and lateral rectus muscles

A
  • Medial and lateral cheek ligaments
  • which attach to lacrimal and zygomatic
  • help to limit abduction and adduction of eye
66
Q

Nerves the innervation the muscles of the eye

A

SO4 LR6 all the rest are three

67
Q

Branches of ophthalmic berve seen in the eye

A
  • lacrimal nerve
  • frontal nerve
  • nasociliary

all are branches from the opthalmic branch of trigeminal

68
Q

`Lacrimal nerve

A

-to the lacrimal gland

69
Q

Frontal nerve

A
  • providing sensory innervation to the superior eyelid, scalp and forehead
  • this nerve bificate into supraorbital and suprathyroid
70
Q

ophthalmic artery

A
  • runs through the optic canal with the optic nerve
  • a branch off of internal carotid artery
  • supplies the eye
71
Q

pupillary light reflex

A
  • testing cn 2 and 3

- testing the ability to constrict the pupil iwht a light shined at them

72
Q

corneal reflex

A
  • wisp of cotton is brushed across the cornea
  • normal response to to blink the eye
  • absense of a blink could be a problem with CN V1 or CN 7
73
Q

Contents of the oral cavity

A 
teeth
gums
tongue
-palate
-regions of the palatine tonsils
74
Q

what happens in the oral cavity

A

this is where food is prepared for digestion

leaves the cavity at a bolus

75
Q

the two parts of the oral cavity

A
  • oral vestibule

- oral cavity proper

76
Q

Oral vestibule

A
  • part of the oral cavity
  • space between lips & cheek and teeth & gums
  • labial and buccal glands are here
77
Q

Oral cavity proper

A

space posterior and medial to the upper and lower dental arches
-when the mouth is closed and the tougue at rest, the tongue takes up most of the oral cavity

78
Q

Palate

A

-consists of a hard and soft palate
(hard is anterior, soft is posterior)
-getting blood supply from right and left greater palatine artery (which is a branch from maxillary artery)

79
Q

Hard palate

A
  • oral cavity
  • concave
  • space is filled with the tongue when it is at rest
80
Q

soft palate

A
  • moveable posterior third
  • has the uvula
  • when swallowing, the sofe palate allows the tongue to presse against is to help squeeze bolus to the back
81
Q

Tongue

A
  • Genioglossus: muscle that makes up the bulk of the tongue
  • mobilie muscular organ that can assume varietes shapes and positions
  • in the oral proper cavity and oropharynx
  • assits with chewing, taste, swallowing, and speech
  • has taste buds
82
Q

Innervation of the tongue: Motor

A

hypoglossal nerve

83
Q

innervation to the sensory of the posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

glosopharyngeal nerve

84
Q

innervation to the sensory and taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

sensory: lingual branch of v3
taste: Chorda tymani (branch of facial nerve)

85
Q

blood supply to the tongue

A

lingual artery (branch of external carotid)

86
Q

Three salivary glands

A

parotid gland
submandibular
sublingual

87
Q

Parotid gland

A
  • largest gland
  • located between the ramus of mandible and styloid& mastoid process of temporal bone
  • in addition to digestive functtion, the secretion washes food particles into the mouth proper cavity
  • supplies by external carotid artery
88
Q

submandibular gland

A
  • lies along the body of the mandible

- submental artery supplies it (branch of facial artery)

89
Q

Sublingual gland

A
  • small and deepest gland
  • floor of mouth between mandible and genioglossus muscle
  • submental artery supply
90
Q

Nose: info

A
  • contains organ of smell
  • right and left cavitites seperated by the nasal spetum
  • functions: olfaction, repiration, filtraction
91
Q

Bony parts of the nose

A
  • nasal
  • maxillaw
  • frontal
  • nasal septum (ethmoid and vomer)
92
Q

Boundaries of the nasal cavity

A

Roof: curved and narrow
Floor: formed by the hard palate
Medial wall: nasal septum
lateral wall: uneven due to the three conchae

93
Q

Nasal conchae

A
  • divide the nasal cavity into four air passages
  • three conchae: superior, middle, inferior
  • along with the sphenoethmoidal recesses
  • three elevations that project inferiorly like scrolls, and curve inferomedially forming the roof for a meatus
94
Q

Meatus

A
  • also know as recess

- opening or foramen

95
Q

what nerve supplies the posterio-inferior half to 2/3 of nasal mucosa

A

CN v2

96
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

airfilles extension of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity in the following bones: frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla

(the paranasal sinuses are names occuring: frontal, ethmoidal cells, Sphenoidal, Maxillary)

Gross Anatomy: Unit Four. (11 decks)

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