mastication, larynx,pharynx and everything else Flashcards
1
Q
temporalis origin
A
temporal fossa
2
Q
temporalis insertion
A
anterior border of remus of mandible
coronoid process of mandible
3
Q
temporalis innervation and action
A
- branch of mandicular branch of trigeminal nerve
- elevates mandible, closing jaw
4
Q
masseter origin
A
zygomatic arch
5
Q
masseter insertion
A
angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible
6
Q
masseter innervation and action
A
- branch of mandicular branch of trigeminal nerve
- elevates mandible
7
Q
lateral pterygoid origin
A
two heads:
1) greater wing of sphenoid
2) lateral pterygoid plate
8
Q
lateral pterygoid insertion
A
- ) (superior head) joint capsule of the TMJ
2) (inferior head) condyloid process of mandible
9
Q
lateral pterygoid innervation and action
A
- branch of mandicular branch of trigeminal nerve
- bilaterally: protacts jaw
- unilaterally: swings jaw
10
Q
medial pterygoid origin
A
1) lateral pterygoid plate
2. ) tuberosity of maxilla
11
Q
medial pterygoid insertion
A
medial surface of ramus of mandible
12
Q
medial pterygoid innervation and action
A
- branch of mandicular branch of trigeminal nerve
- elevates mandible, contribuates to protrusion of jaw
13
Q
Temporal fossa boundaries
A
Posteriorly and superiorly: superior and inferior temporal lines
Anteriorly: frontal and zygomatic bones
Laterally: zygomatic arch
Inferiorly: infra femoral
Floor: temporal fossa that is made of four bones (frontal, parietal, temporal and greater wing of sphenoid)
14
Q
Hypophysis
A
- pituitary stalk sits here
- in the Stella turica
15
Q
Infra temporal fossa boundaries
A
Laterally: Ramus of mandible
Medially: lateral pterygoid plate
Anteriorly: posterior ascept of the maxilla
Posteriorly: mastoid and Styloid process of temporal bone
Superiorly: greater wing of sphenoid
Inferiorly: medial pterygoid muscle attachment to mandible
16
Q
Contents of infra temporal fossa
A
- lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
- maxillary artery
- pterygoid venous plexus (
- mandibular, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal, chorda tympani nerves
17
Q
maxillary atery
A
- larger terminal branch of external carotid artery
- divided into three in relation to the lateral pterygoid muscle
- 1.) middle meningeal and inferior alveoli
18
Q
mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
A
- at the infratemporal fossa it divides into posterior and anterior trunks
- large posterior trunk: inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve
- anterior trunk: buccal nerve
19
Q
inferior alveolar nerve
A
- enter mandibular foramen then through the mandibular canal
- before this it sends the mylohyoid branch off
20
Q
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
A
- modified hinge joint
- movements in three plane
- between the head of mandible, articular tubercule of temporal bone, mandibualr fossa
- articular disc divids the joint cavity into two seperate synovial compartment
- joint capsule is loose
- Postglenoid tubercule: prevents posterior disloction
21
Q
Ligaments of the TMJ joint
A
2 extrinsic ligaments and a lateral ligament
- ) Stylomandibular
- ) Sphenomandibular
Lateral Ligament: strengthens joint laterally
22
Q
Stylomandibular ligament
A
- TMJ
- styloid process to angle of mandible
- doesnt contribute alot to the strength of the joint
23
Q
Sphenomandibular ligament
A
- TMJ
- sphenoid to lingula of mandible
- “swing rope”
24
Q
What movement allows the jaw to open wider
A
-Translation of the head of the mandible and articualr surface
25
TMJ movements are produced cheifly by what?
muscles of mastication
26
elevation of mandible occurs from what muscles
- temporalis
- masseter
- medial pterygoid
27
depression of the mandible occurs from what muscles
- lateraly pterygoid
| - supra and infra hyoid muscles
28
protrusion of the mandible occurs from what muscles
- lateral pterygoid
- masseter
- medial pterygoid
the lateral pterygoid is the prime mover
29
retrusion of the mandible occurs from what muscles
-temporalis and masseter
30
lateral movement of mandible occurs from what muscles
temoralis of the same side
pterygoids of oppposite side
masseter
31
functions of respiratory viscera
- routing air and food into respiratory
| - providing airway and tone
32
Larynx
- organ of voice production
- vital function is to guard air passageway
- at C3-C6
- vocal folds that control sound production
33
Laryngeal Skeleton
- Thyroid Cartilage
- Cricoid Cartilage
- Arytenoid Cartilage
- Epiglottic cartilage
34
Thyroid cartilage
- largest cartilage of the thyroid
- at C4
- has the laryngeal prominence (Adams Apple)
- Thyrohyoid membrane: how the superior border and superior horns of larynx attach to the hyoid
35
Cricoid Cartilage
-complete ring around the airway (only cartilage in respiratory tract to do so)
36
Arytenoid Cartilage
-has vocal proceses and muscular processes
37
Epiglottic Cartilage
-elastic cartilage give flexibility to epiglottis
38
Vocal folds
- source of sound (tone) that come from the larynx
| - contains: vocal ligaments and vocalis muscle
39
Muscules of larynx
- extrinsic laryngeal muscles (move the laryx as a whole)
- intrinsic laryngeal muscles (move the laryngeal parts)
-most innervated by recurrent laryngeal verve (branch of vagus)
40
Trachea
- extending from larynx to thorax
| - fibrocartilaginous tube
41
Flow of food
Oral cavity, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, esophagus
42
Flow of air
Nasal cavity, nasal pharynx, larynx, trachea
43
What blocks of the nasopharynx when food enters the oral cavity
Uluva
44
Pharynx
Divided into three parts:
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
45
Deglutition
- swallowing
- process of transferring food bolus from mouth through the pharynx and esophagus into the stomach
- three stages:
1) voluntary
2) involuntary
3) involuntary
46
The external layer of the muscles of the pharynx
Superior, Middle, and Inferior pharyngeal constrictors
47
Common action for the pharyngeal constrictors
Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing
48
Superior pharyngeal constrictor origin and insertion
- external layer of pharynx muscles
- origin: side of tongue, pterygoid hamulus
- insertion: pharyngeal tubercle
49
Common innervation for the external layer of pharynx muscles
Pharyngeal branch of vagus
50
Middle pharyngeal constrictor origin and insertion
Origin: greater and lessor horns of hyoid
| Insertion; pharyngeal raphe
51
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor origin and insertion
Origin: thyroid cartilage
Insertion: pharyngoesophageal junction
52
Stylopharyngeus origin and insertion
Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion: thyroid cartilage
53
Stlyopharyngeus innervation and action
Glossy pharyngeal nerve
Elevate pharynx during swelling and speaking
54
Common action for the internal layer of pharynx muscles
Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking
55
Palatine tonsils
concentrated collections of lymphoid tissue that lies in the tonsillar sinuses
-on either side of the oropharynx
56
Pharyngeal muscles
-wall of pharynx has muscles layers composed entirely of vountary muscle
57
Gag reflex
- located on the posterior tongue
- CN 9 and 10 are responsible for the muscular contraction of each side of the oropharynx
- CN 9 afferent limb of gg reflex
58
what supplies senory to the mucous membrane of the nsopharynx
Maxilary nerve
59
Esophagus
- muscular tube that extends from larynophalanx at the pharyngo-esophageal junction to the stomach
- striated (voluntary) and smooth (involuntary) muscles
60
Bones that make up the orbit
- Ethmoid
- Frontal
- Lacrimal
- Maxilla
- Nasal
- Palatine
- Sphenoid
- Zygomatic
61
What is the apex of the orbit
- optic canal
| - which is in the lesser wing of the sphenoid
62
Lacrimal Gland
-lacrimal fluid secreted by this gland helps to protect the cornea and eyeball from injury and irritation (along with the eyelid)
63
What muscle of the eye is opposed most of the time by gravity
Levator Palpebrae Superiors
64
Movement of the eye
- adduction, abduction
- elevation, depression
- medial and lateral rotation
-these movement require multiple muscles working together or againist each other to produce the motion
65
What are the triangular expansions from the sheaths of medial and lateral rectus muscles
- Medial and lateral cheek ligaments
- which attach to lacrimal and zygomatic
- help to limit abduction and adduction of eye
66
Nerves the innervation the muscles of the eye
SO4 LR6 all the rest are three
67
Branches of ophthalmic berve seen in the eye
- lacrimal nerve
- frontal nerve
- nasociliary
all are branches from the opthalmic branch of trigeminal
68
`Lacrimal nerve
-to the lacrimal gland
69
Frontal nerve
- providing sensory innervation to the superior eyelid, scalp and forehead
- this nerve bificate into supraorbital and suprathyroid
70
ophthalmic artery
- runs through the optic canal with the optic nerve
- a branch off of internal carotid artery
- supplies the eye
71
pupillary light reflex
- testing cn 2 and 3
| - testing the ability to constrict the pupil iwht a light shined at them
72
corneal reflex
- wisp of cotton is brushed across the cornea
- normal response to to blink the eye
- absense of a blink could be a problem with CN V1 or CN 7
73
Contents of the oral cavity
```
teeth
gums
tongue
-palate
-regions of the palatine tonsils
```
74
what happens in the oral cavity
this is where food is prepared for digestion
| leaves the cavity at a bolus
75
the two parts of the oral cavity
- oral vestibule
| - oral cavity proper
76
Oral vestibule
- part of the oral cavity
- space between lips & cheek and teeth & gums
- labial and buccal glands are here
77
Oral cavity proper
space posterior and medial to the upper and lower dental arches
-when the mouth is closed and the tougue at rest, the tongue takes up most of the oral cavity
78
Palate
-consists of a hard and soft palate
(hard is anterior, soft is posterior)
-getting blood supply from right and left greater palatine artery (which is a branch from maxillary artery)
79
Hard palate
- oral cavity
- concave
- space is filled with the tongue when it is at rest
80
soft palate
- moveable posterior third
- has the uvula
- when swallowing, the sofe palate allows the tongue to presse against is to help squeeze bolus to the back
81
Tongue
- Genioglossus: muscle that makes up the bulk of the tongue
- mobilie muscular organ that can assume varietes shapes and positions
- in the oral proper cavity and oropharynx
- assits with chewing, taste, swallowing, and speech
- has taste buds
82
Innervation of the tongue: Motor
hypoglossal nerve
83
innervation to the sensory of the posterior 1/3 of tongue
glosopharyngeal nerve
84
innervation to the sensory and taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
sensory: lingual branch of v3
taste: Chorda tymani (branch of facial nerve)
85
blood supply to the tongue
lingual artery (branch of external carotid)
86
Three salivary glands
parotid gland
submandibular
sublingual
87
Parotid gland
- largest gland
- located between the ramus of mandible and styloid& mastoid process of temporal bone
- in addition to digestive functtion, the secretion washes food particles into the mouth proper cavity
- supplies by external carotid artery
88
submandibular gland
- lies along the body of the mandible
| - submental artery supplies it (branch of facial artery)
89
Sublingual gland
- small and deepest gland
- floor of mouth between mandible and genioglossus muscle
- submental artery supply
90
Nose: info
- contains organ of smell
- right and left cavitites seperated by the nasal spetum
- functions: olfaction, repiration, filtraction
91
Bony parts of the nose
- nasal
- maxillaw
- frontal
- nasal septum (ethmoid and vomer)
92
Boundaries of the nasal cavity
Roof: curved and narrow
Floor: formed by the hard palate
Medial wall: nasal septum
lateral wall: uneven due to the three conchae
93
Nasal conchae
- divide the nasal cavity into four air passages
- three conchae: superior, middle, inferior
- along with the sphenoethmoidal recesses
- three elevations that project inferiorly like scrolls, and curve inferomedially forming the roof for a meatus
94
Meatus
- also know as recess
| - opening or foramen
95
what nerve supplies the posterio-inferior half to 2/3 of nasal mucosa
CN v2
96
paranasal sinuses
airfilles extension of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity in the following bones: frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla
(the paranasal sinuses are names occuring: frontal, ethmoidal cells, Sphenoidal, Maxillary)
