Posterior Leg, Ankle, Plantar Foot Flashcards
Gastrocnemius medial and lateral head insertion
Posterior surface of calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Gastrocnemius lateral and medial head origin
Lateral: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
Medial: popliteal surface of femur
The most superficial muscle
What is the innervation for all posterior leg muscles
Tibial nerve
Gastrocnemius medial and lateral heads action
- Planterflexes ankle when knee is extended
- flexes the knee
-Can’t perform plantar flexion when the knee is fully flexed
Soleus origin
This is the “workhorse” muscle
Posterior aspect of the head of fibula
Soleal
Soleus insertion
Posterior surface of calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Soleus action
Plantarflexes ankle
Plantaris origin
Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur
Plantaris insertion
Posterior surface of calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Plantaris action
Weak, no real function.
Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantar flexing the ankle
The action is so little that the tendon can often be removed for grafting
Popliteus origin
Lateral surface of lateral condyle of the femur and lateral meniscus
Popliteus insertion
Posterior surface of the tibia above to Soleal line
Popliteus action
Unlocks the fully extended knee joint
Weakly flexes knee
Flexor hallucis longus origin
Inferior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula
Flexor hallucis longus insertion
Base of distal phalanx of great toe
Flexor hallucis longus action
Flexes great toe at all joint
Flexor digitorum longus origin
Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to Soleal line
Flexor digitorum longus insertion
Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits
Flexor digitorum longus action
Flexes lateral four digits
Plantarflexes ankle
Tibialis anterior origin
Interosseous membrane
Posterior surface of fibula
Tibialis posterior insertion
Primary to tuberosity of navicular
Tibialis posterior action
Planterflexes ankle
Inverts foot
What is the main action of the posterior compartment of the leg
Plantar flexes the ankle
Posterior compartment of the leg
Divided into deep and superficial muscle groups seperated by transverse intermuscular septum
Common things for posterior compartment of leg
All insert to calcaneal tendon
Innervated by tibial nerve
What are the three posterior superficial leg muscles
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Calcaneal tendon
- Achilles’ tendon
- the common tendon shared by the two head of gastrocnemius and Soleus
- attachment site for them
Triceps surae
- Formed by 2 heads of gastrocnemius and Soleus
- does 93% of plantarflexion
What are the deep muscles of the posterior leg
Popliteus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis anterior
What supplies all the posterior leg muscles
Tibial nerve
Posterior tibial artery
- during its decent it is accompanied by the tibial nerve and vein
- deep the the flexor retinaculum branches twice
What are the two branches of posterior tibial artery
- happens deep the flexor retinaculum
- medial and lateral plantar arteries
Fibular artery
- branches of posterior tibial artery
- gives muscular branches to the Muscles of the posterior and lateral compartment of the leg
Sustentaculum tali
- project from superior border of the medial surface of calcaneus
- helps support the head of talus
