Foot Flashcards
What muscles in the second layer of foot
Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals
What muscles are in the first layer of the foot
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
What muscles are in the third layer of the foot
Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
What is in the fourth layer of the muscles of the foot
Plantar interossei
Dorsal interossei
Abductor hallucis origin
- Flexor retinaculum
- Plantar aponerosis
- Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
Abductor hallucis insertion
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit
Abductor hallucis innervation and action
- Medial plantar nerve
- abducts and flexes great toe
Flexor digitorum brevis origin
- Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
- plantar aponerosis
Flexor digitorum brevis insertion
Both side of middle phalanges of lateral four digits
Flexor digitorum brevis innervation and action
- medial plantar nerve
- flexes lateral four digits
Abductor digiti minimi origin
- planter aponerosis
- medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus
Abductor digiti minimi insertion
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit
Abductor digiti minimi innervation and action
- lateral plantar nerve
- abducts and flexes 5th digit
Quadratus plantae origin
Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
Quadratus plantae insertion
Posterolateral margin of tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Quadratus plantae innervation and action
- lateral plantar nerve
- assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits
Lumbricals origin
Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Lumbricals insertion
Medial ascept of expansion over lateral four digits
Lumbricals innervation
Medial one: medial plantar nerve
Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve
Lumbricals action
- Flex proximal phalanges
- Extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
Flexor hallucis brevis origin
Plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
Flexor hallucis brevis insertion
Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Flexor hallucis brevis innervation and action
- medial plantar nerve
- flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Adductor hallucis origin
Oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4
Transverse head: plantar ligaments of 3-5 metatarsophalangeal joint
Adductor hallucis insertion
Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Adductor hallucis innervation and action
-deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
- adducts 1st digit
- assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot
Flexor digiti minimi brevis origin
Base of 5th metatarsal
Flexor digiti minimi brevis insertion
Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation and action
- superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve
- flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Plantar interossei origin
Bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5
Plantar interossei insertion
Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3-5 digits
Innervation for both plantar and dorsal interossei
Lateral planter nerve
Planter interossei action
Adducts digits 3-5
Flex metatarsophalangeal joint
Dorsal interossei origin
Adjacent side of metatarsals 1-5
Dorsal interossei insertion
First: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
Second to fourth: lateral sides of 2-4 digits
Dorsal interossei action
Abducts digits 2-4
Flex metatarsophalangeal joint
Calcaneus bone
- heel bone
- transfers weight from talus to the ground
- articulates with the talus and cuboid
Names of the tarsal bones
Calcaneus Talus Navicular Cuboid Medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiform
Definition for the foot
Platform for supporting the weight of the body when standing and has important role in locomotion
Three functional and anatomical parts of the foot (bones)
Hind foot: talus and calcaneus
Mid foot: navicular, cuboid and cuneiform
Forefoot: metatarsals and phalanges
Regions of the foot
Plantar
Dorsal
Heel
Ball of the foot
Plantar fascia
- in the foot
- plantar aponerosis: thick central part of the fascia
What forms the three compartment on the sole of the foot
Vertical intermuscular septum extend in from the margins of the plantar aponerosis towards the 1st and 5th metatarsal forming the three compartments of the sole
Medial compartment of the sole
-Covered by medial plantar fascia
-contains:
Abducotr hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Tendon of hallucis longus
Medial plantar nerve, artery and vein
Tarsal tunnel
-located by the medial malleolus
-floor: talus and calcaneus
From malleolus to calcaneus tendon there is:
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial vein
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus
Saying to remember the tarsal tunnel
Tom dick a very nervous Harry
Central compartment of the sole
Covered by the plantar aponerosis Contains: Flexor digitorum brevis and longus Quadratus plantae Lumbricals Adductor hallucis Lateral plantar nerve, artery and vein
Lateral compartment of the sole
Covered by lateral plantar fascia
Contains:
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
The the forefoot only there in a four compartment of the foot: interosseous
Contains:
Metatarsals
Dorsal and plantar interossei
Deep plantar and metatarsal veins and arteries
Gait cycle
One cycle of swing and stance of one limb
Stance phase
- 60%
- begins with heel strike and ends with a push off
Swing phase
- 40%
- begins after push off and ends at the heel striking the ground
