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Gross Anatomy: Unit Four. > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

0
Q

What muscles in the second layer of foot

A

Quadratus plantae

Lumbricals

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1
Q

What muscles are in the first layer of the foot

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi

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2
Q

What muscles are in the third layer of the foot

A

Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

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3
Q

What is in the fourth layer of the muscles of the foot

A

Plantar interossei

Dorsal interossei

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4
Q

Abductor hallucis origin

A
  • Flexor retinaculum
  • Plantar aponerosis
  • Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
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5
Q

Abductor hallucis insertion

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit

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6
Q

Abductor hallucis innervation and action

A
  • Medial plantar nerve

- abducts and flexes great toe

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7
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis origin

A
  • Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus

- plantar aponerosis

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8
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis insertion

A

Both side of middle phalanges of lateral four digits

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9
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis innervation and action

A
  • medial plantar nerve

- flexes lateral four digits

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10
Q

Abductor digiti minimi origin

A
  • planter aponerosis

- medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus

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11
Q

Abductor digiti minimi insertion

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit

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12
Q

Abductor digiti minimi innervation and action

A
  • lateral plantar nerve

- abducts and flexes 5th digit

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13
Q

Quadratus plantae origin

A

Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus

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14
Q

Quadratus plantae insertion

A

Posterolateral margin of tendons of flexor digitorum longus

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15
Q

Quadratus plantae innervation and action

A
  • lateral plantar nerve

- assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits

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16
Q

Lumbricals origin

A

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

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17
Q

Lumbricals insertion

A

Medial ascept of expansion over lateral four digits

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18
Q

Lumbricals innervation

A

Medial one: medial plantar nerve

Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve

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19
Q

Lumbricals action

A
  • Flex proximal phalanges

- Extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

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20
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis origin

A

Plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform

21
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis insertion

A

Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

22
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis innervation and action

A
  • medial plantar nerve

- flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

23
Q

Adductor hallucis origin

A

Oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4

Transverse head: plantar ligaments of 3-5 metatarsophalangeal joint

24
Q

Adductor hallucis insertion

A

Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

25
Q

Adductor hallucis innervation and action

A

-deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

  • adducts 1st digit
  • assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot
26
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis origin

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

27
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis insertion

A

Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

28
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation and action

A
  • superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve

- flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

29
Q

Plantar interossei origin

A

Bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5

30
Q

Plantar interossei insertion

A

Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3-5 digits

31
Q

Innervation for both plantar and dorsal interossei

A

Lateral planter nerve

32
Q

Planter interossei action

A

Adducts digits 3-5

Flex metatarsophalangeal joint

33
Q

Dorsal interossei origin

A

Adjacent side of metatarsals 1-5

34
Q

Dorsal interossei insertion

A

First: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit

Second to fourth: lateral sides of 2-4 digits

35
Q

Dorsal interossei action

A

Abducts digits 2-4

Flex metatarsophalangeal joint

36
Q

Calcaneus bone

A
  • heel bone
  • transfers weight from talus to the ground
  • articulates with the talus and cuboid
37
Q

Names of the tarsal bones

A 
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiform
38
Q

Definition for the foot

A

Platform for supporting the weight of the body when standing and has important role in locomotion

39
Q

Three functional and anatomical parts of the foot (bones)

A

Hind foot: talus and calcaneus
Mid foot: navicular, cuboid and cuneiform
Forefoot: metatarsals and phalanges

40
Q

Regions of the foot

A

Plantar
Dorsal
Heel
Ball of the foot

41
Q

Plantar fascia

A
  • in the foot

- plantar aponerosis: thick central part of the fascia

42
Q

What forms the three compartment on the sole of the foot

A

Vertical intermuscular septum extend in from the margins of the plantar aponerosis towards the 1st and 5th metatarsal forming the three compartments of the sole

43
Q

Medial compartment of the sole

A

-Covered by medial plantar fascia
-contains:
Abducotr hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Tendon of hallucis longus
Medial plantar nerve, artery and vein

44
Q

Tarsal tunnel

A

-located by the medial malleolus
-floor: talus and calcaneus
From malleolus to calcaneus tendon there is:
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial vein
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus

45
Q

Saying to remember the tarsal tunnel

A

Tom dick a very nervous Harry

46
Q

Central compartment of the sole

A 
Covered by the plantar aponerosis 
Contains:
Flexor digitorum brevis and longus 
Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals 
Adductor hallucis 
Lateral plantar nerve, artery and vein
47
Q

Lateral compartment of the sole

A

Covered by lateral plantar fascia
Contains:
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

48
Q

The the forefoot only there in a four compartment of the foot: interosseous

A

Contains:
Metatarsals
Dorsal and plantar interossei
Deep plantar and metatarsal veins and arteries

49
Q

Gait cycle

A

One cycle of swing and stance of one limb

50
Q

Stance phase

A
  • 60%

- begins with heel strike and ends with a push off

51
Q

Swing phase

A
  • 40%

- begins after push off and ends at the heel striking the ground

Gross Anatomy: Unit Four. (11 decks)

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