Posterior Leg and Foot

Question 1

Bones of the foot

Answer 1

Tiger Cubs Need MILC + the metatarsals (1 for each digit) and Phalanxes (2 for first digit [proximal, distal], 3 for lateral 4 digits-[proximal, intermediate, and distal])

Talus Tarsal
Calcaneus Tarsal
Navicular Tarsal
Medial Cuneiform Tarsal
Intermediate Cuneiform Tarsal
Lateral Cuneiform Tarsal
Cuboid Cuneiform Tarsal

Question 2

Function of Soleus vs Gastrocnemius

Answer 2

SOLEUS- Postural. Used mostly to maintain positioning when standing.

GASTROCNEMIUS- Action oriented. Used mostly when running or during general movement.

Question 3

The plantaris tendon runs over what muscle?

Answer 3

Soleus. The tendon is also known as the “freshman nerve”, as it can often be confused as a nerve.

Question 4

Function of the popliteus muscle.

Answer 4

Allows you to unlock your knee when it is hyper-extended.

Question 5

All muscles of the posterior leg function to…

Answer 5

Invert the foot

Question 6

Structures which come around the medial side of the leg.

Answer 6

Tom, Dick, And Nervous Harry

• sheath of the Tibialis posterior tendon
• tendonous sheath of flexor Digitorum longus
• posterior tibial Artery
• posterior tibial Nerve
• tendonous sheath of flexor Hallucis longus

Question 7

Cutaneous innervation of Superficial Fibular Nerve

Answer 7

Most of the dorsum of the foot except tips of toes

Question 8

What does the deep fibular nerve innervate in the foot?

Answer 8

2 muscles (EHB, EDB) and sensory between 1st and 2nd toes.

Question 9

Plantar aponeurosis

Answer 9

Thickened deep fascia of the sole.

Question 10

1st layer of the plantar surface (most external)

Answer 10

AFA

Abductor halluces
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi

Question 11

2nd layer of the plantar surface

Answer 11

2M + 2T

Muscles:
Quadratus plantae
Lumbricales (4)

Tendons:
Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Tendon of flexor halluces longus

Question 12

3rd layer of the plantar surface

Answer 12

FAF

Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 13

4th layer of the plantar surface

Answer 13

2 M + 2T

Muscle groups:
Plantar interossei (PAD)
Dorsal interossei (DABS)

Tendons:
Tendon of fibularis longus
Tendon of tibialis posterior

Question 14

Functioning of Plantar vs Dorsal Interossei

Answer 14

Dorsal (4): Abductors

Plantar (3): Adductors

Question 15

Lateral Planter artery eventually becomes ______ and this eventually goes on to anastomose with _________

Answer 15

• plantar arch

- deep plantar branch of the dorsalis pedis artery

Question 16

Muscles innervated by the Medial plantar nerve

Answer 16

LAFF

1st Lumbrical
Abductor hallucis
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Question 17

Clinical presentation of a femoral nerve injury.

Answer 17

Wasting of anterior thigh, leg drop, weakness in flexion, sensory loss of anterior thigh and medial leg/foot

Question 18

Clinical presentation of an obturator nerve injury.

Answer 18

Wasting of medial thigh, loss of thigh adduction; sensory loss upper medial thigh.

Question 19

Clinical presentation of a superior gluteal nerve injury.

Answer 19

Trendelenburg sign (pelvis tilts down on side opposite injury); no sensory loss.

Question 20

Clinical presentation of an inferior gluteal nerve injury.

Answer 20

Wasting of buttock, weakness in thigh extension; no sensory loss.

Question 21

Clinical presentation of a sciatic nerve injury.

Answer 21

Wasting of all hamstrings and muscles of leg/foot. Sensory loss to back of thigh and leg, lateral leg and plantar foot.

Question 22

Clinical presentation of a common fibular nerve injury.

Answer 22

Foot drop and loss of toe extension. Sensory loss to lateral leg and dorsum of foot.

Question 23

Clinical presentation of a tibial nerve injury.

Answer 23

Loss of foot and toes flexion. Loss of foot inversion. Wasting of calf muscle. Sensory loss on sole of foot and tips of toes.