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SHB Exam #2 > Exam 2 Embryology > Flashcards

Exam 2 Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Which pharyngeal arche(s) of the head and neck are rudimentary?

A

5th (we only refer to arches 1,2,3,4 and 6)

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2
Q

The 6th pharyngeal arch becomes incorporated into the…

A

4th arch

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3
Q

CAP

A

Refers to the germ layer derivatives of the pharyngeal components.

Clefts= Ectoderm
Arches= Mesoderm
Pouches= Endoderm
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4
Q

Derivatives of the Pharyngeal Arches and Their Innervation

A

At the restaurant of the golden ARCHES, children tend to:

(1st arch) CHEW- Muscles of mastication- 5th cranial nerve (V2 and V3- anterior digastric, tensors, etc.)

(2nd arch) SMILE- Muscles of facial expression (buccinators, posterior belly digastric, stylohyoid, etc.)- 7th cranial nerve

(3rd arch) STYLISH- stylopharyngeous muscle- 9th cranial nerve

(4th arch) SWALLOW- pharynx muscles (levator palitine, cricothyroid, constrictors)- 10th cranial nerve

(6th arch) SPEAK- larynx muscle- 10th cranial nerve

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5
Q

Pharyngeal Pouches

A

Ear, Tonsils, Bottom To Top

(1) Tympanic (middle ear) cavity; Auditory (Eustachian) tube
(2) Palatine tonsils; Tonsililar fossa
(3) Inferior parathyroid gland; Thymus
(4) Superior parathyroid gland

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6
Q

Fate of the Pharyngeal Clefts

A

1ST CLEFT: External auditory meatus

2ND, 3RD and 4TH CLEFTS: Supposed to be obliterated via the 2nd and 4th growing towards each other.

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7
Q

What occurs if the 2-4th pharyngeal clefts are not properly obliterated?

A

Branchial cyst will form on the neck. Found on the side of the neck

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8
Q

Thyroglossal cyst

A

Occur if the thyroid is not properly pulled to neck midline. Found along the midline of the neck and near tongue

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9
Q

Which of the aortic arches are not present at birth (or do we not care about?)

A

1st, 2nd, and 5th

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10
Q

Derivatives of the Aortic Arches (3-6)

A

(3) Common carotid and first part of internal carotid arteries

(4-left side) Arch of the aorta from the left common carotid to the left subclavian arteries

(4-right side) Right subclavian artery

(6-left side) Left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus (sometimes recurrent laryngeal goes over this)

(6-right side) Right pulmonary artery

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11
Q

The heart comes out of which germ layer?

A

Mesoderm. Sinuses (Oblique and Transverse) are the spaces which remain after development.

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12
Q

What embryological area develops into the smooth part of the ventricles?

A

Bulbus Cordis

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13
Q

What embryological area develops into the rough part of the ventricles?

A

The “ventricle” portion

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14
Q

What embryological area develops into the coronary sinuses?

A

Sinus venosus

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15
Q

Ventral mesentery develops into what?

A

It is only in the foregut.

It develops into the falciform ligament of the liver, as well as the lesser omentum.

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16
Q

Dorsal mesentery is found where?

A

It is found embryological in the posterior body wall and covers the entire length of the gut.

17
Q

Organs which start in the midline and then rotate?

A

Stomach, Spleen, Liver

18
Q

What is the axis of rotation in the midgut?

A

SMA (270 degree counter clockwise rotation.

19
Q

Physiological hernia

A

Some of the guttube leaves the abdominal cavity to allow for space for it to grow (happens at 6-10 weeks). It then comes back when the cavity is larger. If it doesn’t come back, bay is born with a hernia.

20
Q

Another words for hindgut

A

Cloaca

21
Q

Embryologically, the stomach begins as…

A

A dilation of the foregut

22
Q

In what way does the stomach eventually rotate?

A

90 degrees, and clockwise on the longitudinal axis

23
Q

Urorectal septum divides the _____ to give the ______ posteriorly and the _____ anteriorly.

A
  • Cloaca
  • Rectum anorectal canal
  • Urogenital sinus (which goes on to give the urinary bladder(anterior)
24
Q

Embryological derivation of the bladder

A

Most of the bladder comes from the hindgut component of the ENDODERM (urogenital sinus), except for the TRIGONE which has MESODERMAL origin, because it is the opening of the two ureters and urethra which are mesodermic (just like the kidneys).

25
Q

The name of the original “3rd kidney”

A

Pronephros. Found at the Posterior Superior portion of the fetus.

26
Q

Where is the kidney located at the beginning of development?

A

Pelvis. It then ascends

27
Q

What does the kidney begin as?

A

Ureteric bud

SHB Exam #2 (18 decks)

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