Pharynx

Question 1

What is the pharynx

Answer 1

A funnel-shaped tube at the upper part of the esophagus which squeezes the bolus of food down. Air also moves near this area.

Question 2

Where is the pharynx located in association with the nasal/oral cavities and the larynx?

Answer 2

It is posterior to the nasal/oral cavities and to the larynx

Question 3

The only complete ring in the respiratory system

Answer 3

Cricoid cartilage

Question 4

3 parts we divide the pharynx into.

Answer 4

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngeal Pharynx

Question 5

The retropharyngeal space is located between which two fascia?

Answer 5

Buccopharyngeal and Prevertebral. If something pierces your pharynx, infection can take this route down to the chest.

Question 6

Which membrane do you cut for a tracheotomy?

Answer 6

Cricothyroid membrane

Question 7

What muscles are responsible for squeezing the bolus of food through the esophagus?

Answer 7

The Superior, Middle and Inferior Constrictors. They overlap each other preventing food from prying between the muscles and squeeze the food making it smaller and smaller.

Question 8

What innervates the Constrictor muscles?

Answer 8

CN X

Question 9

What muscle is the buccinators attached to and how is it attached?

Answer 9

The superior constrictor via a Raphe’ (a tendonous band like what we see in the abdominals).

Question 10

Function of the stylopharyngeus muscle

Answer 10

Elevates larynx and pharynx. Aids in swallowing.

Question 11

What type of muscle and innervation is associated with the esophagus?

Answer 11

It has a mixture of smooth and striated muscle. It would be categorized as an SVE innervation.

Question 12

Function of Mylohyoid

Answer 12

Forms floor of the mouth, and keeps tongue in place.

Question 13

Function and innervation of the hyoglossus muscle?

Answer 13

Depresses tongue. Innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 14

What does the jugular vein become within the skull?

Answer 14

Sigmoid sinus (drains the blood in the skull)

Question 15

Function of the superior laryngeal nerve

Answer 15

Splits into internal and external laryngeal nerves.

Internal: Pierces the thyrohyoid membrane and is sensory to everything in the larynx above the vocal cords.

External: Cricothyroid innervation (sensory and muscular)

Question 16

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve wrap around on the right side? The left side?

Answer 16

Right side= subclavian artery

Left side= Aorta

Question 17

What nerve is described as a “stripe on a barbers pole” as it passes over the stylopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 17

The glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 18

What canal does the hypoglossal nerve run through?

Answer 18

Hypoglossal canal

Question 19

What muscle ending in “glossus” in the tongue does the hypoglossal nerve NOT innervate, and what innervates this muscle?

Answer 19

Palatoglossus

Innervated by CN X

Question 20

Blood supply to pharynx

Answer 20

The External Carotid gives off the Superior Thyroid Artery, and that gives off a Superior Laryngeal Artery (travels with the internal laryngeal nerve).

Thyrocervical Trunk gives off the Inferior Thyroid Artery which gives off the Inferior Laryngeal Artery

Question 21

What nerve does the Superior Laryngeal Artery travel with?

Answer 21

The internal laryngeal nerve

Question 22

Function of hole in the thyrohyoid membrane

Answer 22

Insertion point for the internal laryngeal nerve

Question 23

SALFORMS

Answer 23

Blood supply to the face:

Superior Thyroid
Ascending Pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
posterior auRicular
Maxillary
Superficial Temporal

Question 24

Area near cricoid cartilage where food can get stuck.

Answer 24

Piriform recess

Question 25

Muscle which helps keep the Eustachian tube open during pressure changes

Answer 25

Salpingopharyngeus

Question 26

What innervates Levator Veli Palatani?

Answer 26

CN X