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SHB Exam #2 > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of the Perineum

A

ANTERIOR: Pubic arch
LATERAL BOUNDARY: Pubic/Ischial rami, ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament
POSTERIOR BOUNDARY: sacrum and coccyx
ROOF: Pelvic diaphragm

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2
Q

Where is the anal triangle

A

Posterior to a line connecting the ischial tuberosities

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3
Q

The 2 general components of the Anal Triangle

A

Anal Canal

Anal Sphincters

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4
Q

Anal Canal

A

Continuation of rectum beyond the puborectalism

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5
Q

Arterial supply/Venous drainage of the Anal Canal

A

Above pectinate line: Superior Rectal Artery/vein

Below pectinate line: Inferior Rectal Artery/vein

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6
Q

Innervation of the Anal Canal

A

Autonomic: inferior hypogastric plexus

Somatic: inferior rectal nerve

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7
Q

How many Anal Sphincters?

A

2 (Internal and External)

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8
Q

Internal Anal Sphincter

A

Thickened lower end of the inner circular muscle of the rectum.

  • SMOOTH MUSCLE
  • A weak sphincter which is not competent acting alone
  • INNERVATION: inferior hypogastric plexus
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9
Q

External Anal Sphincter (components and innervation)

A

(1) Subcutaneous: complete circle just deep to skin
(2) Superficial: attached posteriorly to coccyx, anteriorly to the perineal body
(3) Deep: encircles the anal canal and is fused with the puborectalis muscle

SKELETAL MUSCLE
Innervation: Inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve.

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10
Q

Ischiorectoral Fossa

A

A fat filled space lateral to the anal triangle. USED AS DEAD SPACE FOR ANUS TO EXPAND.

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11
Q

Pudendal Canal

A

Formed by the fascia of obturator internus which splits to enclose the pudendal neurovascular bundle and connect the lesser sciatic foramen to the posterior perineal membrane.

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12
Q

Perineal Body:

A

Lies at the front of the anal canal.

It is composed of:

  • interdigitating fibers of puboprostaticus (pubovaginalis)
  • superficial external anal sphincter
  • transversus perinei m.
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13
Q

Nerves of the anal canal

A

Pudenal N.
Inferior Rectal N.

Pudenal nerve divides at the anterior end of the angle triangle to form:

  • Dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris
  • Perineal n.
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14
Q

Blood vessels of the Anal Canal

A

Internal Pudenal Artery and Vein

  • main branch of pudenal= Inferior Artery and Vein
  • Internal Pudenal gives perineal branch to superficial pouch and continues to deep pouch.
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15
Q

Arteries to the Uterus/ Vagina/ Ovaries

A

Uterus: Uterine Artery
Vagina: Vaginal Artery
Ovaries: Ovarian Artery

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16
Q

Main sections and attachments of uterus

A
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Cervix
  • Uterine Tube (Fallopian tube)
  • Fimbria
17
Q

Scarpa’s fascia turns into….?

Where does this happen?

A

Turns into Colle’s fascia

Occurs in the perineum

18
Q

Two proper bends for the positioning of the uterus

A
  • Anteflexion

- Anteversion

19
Q

Urogenital (UG) Triangle

A

Anterior part of the perineum which holds all of the components of the Penis or Vagina

20
Q

Perineal Membrane

A

Forms the base for the penile (clitoral) musculature and the penis (clitoris)

21
Q

Spaces deep and superficial to the perineal membrane

A

Deep: Deep pouch
Superficial: Superficial pouch

22
Q

Contents of the Superficial Perineal Pouch

A

ROOTS OF PENIS OR CLITORIS:

  • Bulb -FOR FEMALES (posterior part of corpus spongiosum)
  • Crura (posterior part of corpora cavernosa)
  • Blood supply (deep penile A. to crura and artery to the bulb)

MUSCLES:

  • Ischiocavernosus m.
  • Bulbospongiosus m.
  • Superfical Transverse Perinei m.
23
Q

Ischiocavernosus M.

A

Contracts to compress venous outflow of the penis

24
Q

Bulbospongiosus M.

A

Surrounds the bulb, it acts to expel any remaining urine or semen in the urethra

25
Q

Main differences between Male and Female UG Triangle

A
  • Female bulb and bulbospongiosus m. are split by the vagina.
  • Greater vestibular gland of female found in superficial pouch
  • Bulb FOUND IN DEEP POUCH for male
26
Q

Nerve of the Superficial Perineal Pouch

A

Perineal Nerve (branch of the PUDENDAL n.)

Perineal Branches into:

  • muscular branches
  • scrotal/labial branches
27
Q

Arteries of Superficial Perineal Pouch

A

Perineal a. (branch of INTERNAL PUDENDAL)

Perineal branches into:

  • muscular branches
  • scrotal/labial branches
28
Q

Contents of the Deep Perineal Pouch

A
  • membranous urethra
  • Bulbourethral glands (of MALES)
  • Sphincter Urethra m.
  • Deep transverse perinei m.
29
Q

Innervation of Deep Perineal Pouch

A

All muscles receive innervation from the muscular branch of perineal n. from superficial pouch.

30
Q

Main Arteries of the Deep Perineal Pouch

A

All branches of the INTERNAL PUDENDAL A.

  • Muscular branch
  • Artery to the bulb (pierces the perineal membrane to enter the bulb of the penis or clitoris)
  • Deep A: Pierces the perineal membrane to reach the corpora cavernosa
  • Dorsal A.: pierces the perineal membrane to reach the dorsum of the penis or clitoris
31
Q

Veins of the Deep Perineal Pouch

A

Correspond to the arteries exept the dorsal vein is divided into a deep and superficial dorsal vein

SUPERFICIAL: Drains into the superficial external pudendal veins

DEEP: Enter the pelvic cavity and drain into the prostatic plexus of veins

32
Q

3 main divisions of the Uterus

A

Fundus, Body, Cervix

33
Q

Borders of UG Triangle

A
  • Ischial tuberosity/ Ischiopubic ramus
  • Perineal membrane
  • Pubic Symphsis
34
Q

Borders of the Anal Triangle

A
  • Sacrotuberous ligament
  • Perineal membrane
  • Sacrum
35
Q

In a cross section of the penis, what structures would be viewed superiorly to inferiorly?

A
  • Skin
  • Veins/Arteries (Deep artery of penis)
  • 2 tubes of Corpora Cavernosa
  • 1 Corpus Spongiosum (surrounding the urethra)
36
Q

Crus

A

Extensions of the CORPORA CAVERNOSA which are attached to the perineal membrane

SHB Exam #2 (18 decks)

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