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SHB Exam #2 > Nasal and Oral Cavities > Flashcards

Nasal and Oral Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

Nasal Cavities

A

(1) Vestibule: flared portion of the nose and contains hair follicles- where people stick their fingers
(2) Olfactory region: area above superior choncha, where the cribriform plate is being pierced
(3) Respiratory region: Everything else. Functions to warm and humidify the air

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2
Q

Main components of lateral wall of Nasal cavity

A

Nasal bone, Maxilla, Ethmoid (superior and middle chonchae), Inferior nasal concha, Lacrimal bone, Perpendicular plate of palatine bone (vertical plate)

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3
Q

Main components of Nasal septum

A

Ethmoid bone, Vomer and Cartilaginous Septum

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4
Q

Where do all of the nasal cavities drain into?

A

A series of openings and foramina

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5
Q

How do you get to the Pterygopalatine fossa from the nasal cavity?

A

Via the sphenopalatine foramen

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6
Q

How do you get to the paranasal sinuses?

A

Via the meatal openings

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7
Q

The sinuses are named for…

A

The bone they are associated with

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8
Q

The anterior, middle and posterior ethmoidal air cells are named based off of…

A

Where they drain (either anterior, middle or posterior)

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9
Q

Primary function of paranasal sinuses

A

To warm and humidify the air

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10
Q

Location of Maxillary sinus drain in relation to the maxillary sinus

A

At the very top, which means that fluid must fill or at least move around, in order for it to be drained. Found at the bottom of the semilunar hiatus

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11
Q

Relationship between Chonca and meatus

A

The meatus is the space under the chonca

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12
Q

The majority of the openings/ducts are located in which meatus?

A

The middle meatus

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13
Q

What duct is located in the Inferior meatus?

A

Nasal lacrimal duct

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14
Q

Frontal sinus drains where?

A

Through the frontal nasal duct into the top of the semilunar hiatus

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15
Q

Anterior ethmoid air cells drain where?

A

Anterior region of the semilunar hiatus (middle meatus)

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16
Q

Middle ethmoid air cells drain where?

A

Hole on top of ethmoid bulla (middle meatus)

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17
Q

Posterior ethmoid air cells drain where?

A

In the superior meatus

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18
Q

Sphinoid sinus drains where?

A

In the sphinoethmoidal recess

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19
Q

Blood supplies of the Nasal Cavity

A

Ophthalmic, Maxillary and Facial

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20
Q

What arteries run through bridge of nose?

A

Anterior ethmoid artery (off of the ophthalmic artery).

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21
Q

What artery handles the majority of the nasal cavity (entire lateral wall and portion of septum)?

A

The sphenopalatine artery, which is a branch off the maxillary artery

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22
Q

Where in the nose does the facial artery send its branches?

A

The vestibule (part of nose people stick their finger in)

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23
Q

Most common area for nose bleeds

A

Kiesselbach’s area. Location where Ophthalmic, Maxillary and Facial artery all converge

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24
Q

Nerves of Nasal cavity

A
  • Posterior/ Anterior Ethmoidals (branches of ophthalmic)

- Maxillary

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25
Q

Most of the nerve function for nasal cavity comes from…

A

Maxillary nerve branches (lateral nasal branches and the nasopalatine nerve [ on septum side])

26
Q

What gives sensory for the skin behind the front 4 teeth?

A

Branch off of the nasopalatine nerve (which is a branch off the maxillary nerve)

27
Q

What is located in the pterogopalatine fossa?

A

(1) Maxillary nerve (V2)
(2) Terminating part of Maxillary artery (sphenopalatine artery)
(3) Pterygopalatine ganglion (hangs off the maxillary nerve via 2 communicating branches)

28
Q

What runs through the pterygomaxillary fissure?

A

Sphenopalatine artery (branch of maxillary)

29
Q

If you think of the Pterygopalatine Fossa as a box, what is its roof?

A

Roof: Foramen rotundum (where maxillary nerve enters)

30
Q

If you think of the Pterygopalatine Fossa as a box, what is its lateral wall?

A

Lateral Wall: Pterygomaxillary fissure (maxillary artery enters and becomes the Sphenopalatine artery)

31
Q

If you think of the Pterygopalatine Fossa as a box, what is its medial wall?

A

Sphenopalatine foramen

32
Q

If you think of the Pterygopalatine Fossa as a box, what is its anterior wall?

A

Inferior orbital fissure (infraorbital nerve runs through here)

33
Q

If you think of the Pterygopalatine Fossa as a box, what is its Posterior wall?

A

Pterygoid canal (nerve and artery of the pterygoid canal traverse this structure- sympathetics and parasympathetics)

34
Q

If you think of the Pterygopalatine Fossa as a box, what is its floor?

A

Palatine canal. The greater and lesser palatine nerves run through this. As do the descending palatine artery and the pharyngeal nerve (never seen)

35
Q

What synapses in the Pterygopalatine ganglion

A

Parasympathetics ONLY. General sensory and sympathetics do not synapse here. They all still go to the same areas though.

36
Q

Function of deep petrosal nerve (sympathetic, parasympathetic, or general sensory?)

A

Sympathetic

37
Q

The two regions of the oral cavity

A
  • Vestibule (anything between teeth/gum and the lip)

- Oral cavity proper (anything past teeth)

38
Q

Boundaries of the oral cavity

A
  • Roof: Hard/soft palate
  • Floor: Mylohyoid muscle
  • Anterior/lateral wall: Teeth
  • Posterior wall: Palatoglossal fold (beginning of oropharynx)
39
Q

Important bones of Hard Palate

A
  • Anterior 2/3rds: Maxilla

- Posterior 1/3rd: Palatine bone

40
Q

Function of palatine glands

A

Secretes mucus to ensure the tongue doesn’t stick to the roof of the mouth

41
Q

Palatal rugae

A

The folded rough area behind front four teeth (aka the transverse palatine folds)

42
Q

Incisive foramen leads to the…

A

nasal cavity

43
Q

Greater palatine foramen leads to…

A

Hard palate

44
Q

Lesser palatine foramen leads to…

A

Soft palate

45
Q

Muscles of the soft palate

A

Come off above soft palate:

  • Levator veli palatine
  • Tensor veli palatine

Come off below soft palate:

  • Palatoglossus
  • Palatopharyngeus

-Musculus uvulae

46
Q

Innervation of the muscles of the soft palate

A

All innervated by the pharyngeal plexus by way of the vagus nerve (CN X) except tensor veli palatine (CN V3)

47
Q

Functions of levator veli palatine and tensor veli palatine muscles

A

Goes into and elevates soft palate.

Tensor loops around pterygoid hamulus and inserts into muscle, tightening the palate.

This ensures nothing can get from oral cavity into nose during swallowing.

48
Q

Blood supply to Hard Palate

A

(1) Greater palatine artery

(2) Septal branch of the sphenopalatine artery

49
Q

Blood supply to the Soft Palate

A

(1) Lesser Palatine artery

(2) Ascending palatine artery

50
Q

What defines the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

Anything in front of the Foramen Cecum or the vallate papillae

51
Q

Main function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.

A

Phonation

52
Q

Main function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Swallowing and sticking the tongue out to say “ahh”

53
Q

Extrinsic muscles of tongue (and the different attachment points)

A

Muscles:

  • Genioglossus- pulls muscle down and sticks it out (Genial tubercle-mandible)
  • Hyoglossus- rock back of tongue from side to side and helps retract the tongue (Hyoid bone)
  • Styloglossus- important for swallowing (styloid process)
  • Palatoglossus
54
Q

What nerves, arteries and ducts “sandwich” the hyoglossus muscle?

A

Lingual artery is deep to hyoglossus.

All the nerves and ducts will be superficial to the hyoglossus (submandibular duct, lingual nerve, hypoglossal nerve).

THESE ARE ALL DEEP TO THE MYLOHYOID MUSCLE

55
Q

Duct of the submandibular gland

A

Sublingual caruncle

56
Q

Submandibular duct can always be found laying on top of…

A

The sublingual gland

57
Q

The lingual nerve is always associated with what duct?

A

Submandibular duct

58
Q

Which meatus is part of a separate bone then the other two meati?

A

The inferior is separate. The Superior and middle are associated with the ethmoid bone.

59
Q

Semilunar hiatus

A

Crescent-shaped groove in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity just inferior to the ethmoidal bulla. It serves as the location of the openings for the frontal sinus, maxillary sinus and anterior ethmoidal sinus.

60
Q

What runs through the Sphenopalatine foramen?

A

Sphenopalatine artery
Lateral nasal nerve
Nasopalatine nerve

SHB Exam #2 (18 decks)

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