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Anatomy Test 3 > Posterior hip, thigh and knee > Flashcards

Posterior hip, thigh and knee Flashcards

1
Q

bony landmarks on the Tibia

A
  1. M/L condyle
  2. M/L plateau
  3. Intercondylar area
  4. articular facet for head of fibula
  5. tibial tuberosity
  6. Gerdy tubercle
  7. interosseous border
  8. M malleolus
  9. fibular noth
  10. articular surface for talus
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2
Q

bony landmarks of fibula

A
  1. head
  2. interosseous boder
  3. L malleolus
  4. articular surface for talus
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3
Q

Knee joint articulations

A
  1. femorotibial

2. femoropatellar

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4
Q

medial femorotibial articulation

A

medial condyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia

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5
Q

lateral femorotibial articulation

A

lateral condyle femur to lateral condyle tibia

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6
Q

T/F: the patella normally articulates with the tibia

A

FALSE, not unless something bad happens

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7
Q

Knee joint capsule

A
  1. strong capsule
  2. open posterior for popliteus tendon
  3. intrapellar/alar synovial folds
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8
Q

purpose of intrapatellar/alar synovial folds

A

divides knee joint into M/L articulations

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9
Q

Knee extracapsular ligaments

A
  1. patellar ligament
  2. M/L patellar retinacula
  3. fibular (lateral) collateral
  4. tibial (medial) collateral
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10
Q

role of collateral ligaments

A

relaxed when knee is flexed and taught when knee is extended.
limit hyperextension and rotation

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11
Q

what does the fibular collateral ligament limit?

A

adduction

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12
Q

what does the tibial collateral ligament limit?

A

abduction

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13
Q

Knee intracapsular ligaments

A
  1. Cruciate ligmanets

2. Menisci

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14
Q

what are the cruciate ligaments

A

ACL and PCL, crisscross within intercondylar space of joint capsule

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15
Q

what do the cruciate ligaments limit?

A

Medial rotation at knee and keep femur and tibia aligned during Flx/Ext

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16
Q

what are the menisci?

A

fibrocartilage wedges that act as cushions and create a lip to the shallow sockets of the tibia

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17
Q

name the menisci ligmanets

A
  1. coronary ligaments
  2. transverse ligament
  3. M/L meniscus
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18
Q

coronary ligament role

A

attach menisci to ridge of tibial condyle

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19
Q

transverse ligament role

A

interconnects ant surface of the M/L menisci across the intercondylar space

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20
Q

which meniscus has more mobility?

A

lateral

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21
Q

movements of the knee joint?

A
  1. Flx/Ext

2. M/L rotation (gliding)

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22
Q

Suprapatellar bursa

A

extension of the joint capsule between M/L edges of patella and femur; and between the quad tendon and the femur

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23
Q

what moves the suprapatellar bursa?

A

articualris genus (derived from vastus intermedius)

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24
Q

What is the Q angle?

A

angle between axis of femur and tibia. Purpose is to move legs more toward central axis of the body

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25
Q

Varus = ______

A

decreased Q angle

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26
Q

Valgus = ________

A

increased Q angle

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27
Q

what occurs when the knees are “locked”

A

knee is fully extended.

femur medially rotates into the tibia to lock the knee

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28
Q

what unlocks the knee before flexion?

A

popliteus laterally rotates femur

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29
Q

Muscles in the superficial gluteal layer

A
  1. Gluteus Maximus
  2. Gluteus medius
  3. Gluteus minimus
  4. Tensor fascia lata (TFL)
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30
Q

prox attachment gluteus maximus

A

ilium, sacrum, coccyx

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31
Q

distal attachment gluteus maximus deep

A

femur/gluteal tuberosity

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32
Q

distal attachment gluteus maximus superficial

A

IT band/Gerdy tubercle

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33
Q

Gluteus maximus innervation

A

inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, 2)

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34
Q

Gluteus maximus action

A

Hip Ext, ER, ABD when synergist w/TFL

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35
Q

Gluteus medius prox attachment

A

ilium/ala

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36
Q

Gluteus medius distal attachment

A

femur/greater trochanter

37
Q

Gluteus medius innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

38
Q

Gluteus medius action

A

primarily ABD hip

39
Q

Gluteus minimus prox attachment

A

ilium/ala

40
Q

Gluteus minimus distal attachment

A

femur/greater trochanter

41
Q

Gluteus minimus innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

42
Q

Gluteus minimus action

A

primarily ABD hip

43
Q

Tensor fascia lata prox attachment

A

ilium/ASIS & crest

44
Q

Tensor fascia lata distal attachment

A

IT band/Gerdy tubercle

45
Q

Tensor fascia lata innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

46
Q

Tensor fascia lata action

A

Hip flx, ER, ABD in synergy with glut max

47
Q

Muscle in deep gluteal layer

A
  1. piriformis
  2. obturator internus
  3. S/I gemelli
  4. quadratus femoris
  5. obturator externus
48
Q

piriformis prox attachment

A

sacrum

49
Q

piriformis distal attachment

A

femur/greater trochanter

50
Q

piriformis innervation

A

lumbosacral plexus (S1, 2)

51
Q

piriformis action

A

hip ER, ABD

52
Q

obturator internus prox attachment

A

deep surface obturator membrane

53
Q

obturator internus distal attachment

A

femur/greater trochanter

54
Q

obturator internus innervation

A

lumbosacral plexus (L5, S1)

55
Q

obturator internus action

A

Hip ER, ABD

56
Q

S/I gemelli prox attachment

A

hip/ischial spine and tuberosity

57
Q

S/I gemelli distal attachment

A

greater trochanter

58
Q

S/I gemelli innervation

A

lumbosacral plexus (L5, S1)

59
Q

S/I gemelli action

A

hip ER and ABD

60
Q

quadratus femoris prox attachment

A

hip/ischial tuberosity

61
Q

quadratus femoris distal attachment

A

femur/intertrochanteric

62
Q

quadratus femoris innervation

A

lumbosacral plexus (L5, S1)

63
Q

quadratus femoris action

A

Hip ER

64
Q

Obturator externus prox attachment

A

external surface obturator membrane

65
Q

obturator externus distal attachment

A

greater trochanter

66
Q

obturator externus innervation

A

obturator nerve (L3, 4)

67
Q

obturator externus action

A

Hip ER and ABD of femur

68
Q

Nerves branching from sacral plexus and passing through greater sciatic foramen

A
  1. Superior gluteal
  2. interior gluteal
  3. nerve to obturator internus
  4. nerve to quadratus femoris
  5. posterior branches of ventral rami S1 and S2 to piriformis
  6. clunial nerves, S/M/I cutaneous innervations
69
Q

Arteries of gluteal region

A
  1. Internal Iliac
  2. superior gluteal artery
  3. inferior gluteal artery
  4. obturator artery
70
Q

Veins of gluteal region

A
  1. internal ilia veins
  2. superior gluteal vein
  3. inferior gluteal vein
  4. obturator vein
71
Q

Posterior thigh muscles

A
  1. Semitendinosis
  2. Semimembranosis
  3. Biceps femoris
72
Q

Semitendinosis prox attachment

A

hip/ischial tuberosity

73
Q

semitendinosis distal attachment

A

pes anserinus

74
Q

semitendinosis innervation

A

tibial nerve (L5, S1, 2)

75
Q

semitendinosis action

A
  1. hip - Ext, IR

2. knee - flex

76
Q

prox attachment biceps femoris long head

A

hip/ischial tuberosity

77
Q

distal attachment biceps femoris long head

A

tibia/lateral plateau/fibula

78
Q

innervation biceps femoris long head

A

tibial nerve (L5, S1, 2)

79
Q

biceps femoris long head action

A
  1. hip - extend, ER

2. knee - flex

80
Q

prox attachment biceps femoris short head

A

femur/linea aspira

81
Q

distal attachment biceps femoris short head

A

tibia/lateral plateau/ fibula

82
Q

biceps femoris short head innervation

A

fibular nerve (L5, S1, 2)

83
Q

biceps femoris short head actions

A

knee - flex, ER

84
Q

Nerves of the posterior thigh

A
  1. sciatic nerve

2. posterior cutaneous nerve

85
Q

branches of sciatic nerve

A
  1. tibial branch

2. fibularbranch

86
Q

tibial nerve destination

A

anterior division to flexors

87
Q

fibular nerve destination

A

posterior division to extensors

88
Q

Blood vessels of the posterior thigh

A
  1. Deep artery

2. Deep vein

Anatomy Test 3 (6 decks)

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