1. strong capsule 2. open posterior for popliteus tendon 3. intrapellar/alar synovial folds

Posterior hip, thigh and knee Flashcards by John Gonzales

bony landmarks on the Tibia

M/L condyle
M/L plateau
Intercondylar area
articular facet for head of fibula
tibial tuberosity
Gerdy tubercle
interosseous border
M malleolus
fibular noth
articular surface for talus

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bony landmarks of fibula

head
interosseous boder
L malleolus
articular surface for talus

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Knee joint articulations

femorotibial

2. femoropatellar

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medial femorotibial articulation

medial condyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia

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lateral femorotibial articulation

lateral condyle femur to lateral condyle tibia

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T/F: the patella normally articulates with the tibia

FALSE, not unless something bad happens

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Knee joint capsule

strong capsule
open posterior for popliteus tendon
intrapellar/alar synovial folds

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purpose of intrapatellar/alar synovial folds

divides knee joint into M/L articulations

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Knee extracapsular ligaments

patellar ligament
M/L patellar retinacula
fibular (lateral) collateral
tibial (medial) collateral

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role of collateral ligaments

relaxed when knee is flexed and taught when knee is extended.
limit hyperextension and rotation

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what does the fibular collateral ligament limit?

adduction

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what does the tibial collateral ligament limit?

abduction

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Knee intracapsular ligaments

Cruciate ligmanets

2. Menisci

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what are the cruciate ligaments

ACL and PCL, crisscross within intercondylar space of joint capsule

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what do the cruciate ligaments limit?

Medial rotation at knee and keep femur and tibia aligned during Flx/Ext

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what are the menisci?

fibrocartilage wedges that act as cushions and create a lip to the shallow sockets of the tibia

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name the menisci ligmanets

coronary ligaments
transverse ligament
M/L meniscus

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coronary ligament role

attach menisci to ridge of tibial condyle

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transverse ligament role

interconnects ant surface of the M/L menisci across the intercondylar space

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which meniscus has more mobility?

lateral

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movements of the knee joint?

Flx/Ext

2. M/L rotation (gliding)

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Suprapatellar bursa

extension of the joint capsule between M/L edges of patella and femur; and between the quad tendon and the femur

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what moves the suprapatellar bursa?

articualris genus (derived from vastus intermedius)

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What is the Q angle?

angle between axis of femur and tibia. Purpose is to move legs more toward central axis of the body

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Varus = ______

decreased Q angle

Valgus = ________

increased Q angle

what occurs when the knees are "locked"

knee is fully extended. | femur medially rotates into the tibia to lock the knee

what unlocks the knee before flexion?

popliteus laterally rotates femur

Muscles in the superficial gluteal layer

1. Gluteus Maximus 2. Gluteus medius 3. Gluteus minimus 4. Tensor fascia lata (TFL)

prox attachment gluteus maximus

ilium, sacrum, coccyx

distal attachment gluteus maximus deep

femur/gluteal tuberosity

distal attachment gluteus maximus superficial

IT band/Gerdy tubercle

Gluteus maximus innervation

inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, 2)

Gluteus maximus action

Hip Ext, ER, ABD when synergist w/TFL

Gluteus medius prox attachment

ilium/ala

Gluteus medius distal attachment

femur/greater trochanter

Gluteus medius innervation

superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

Gluteus medius action

primarily ABD hip

Gluteus minimus prox attachment

ilium/ala

Gluteus minimus distal attachment

femur/greater trochanter

Gluteus minimus innervation

superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

Gluteus minimus action

primarily ABD hip

Tensor fascia lata prox attachment

ilium/ASIS & crest

Tensor fascia lata distal attachment

IT band/Gerdy tubercle

Tensor fascia lata innervation

superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

Tensor fascia lata action

Hip flx, ER, ABD in synergy with glut max

Muscle in deep gluteal layer

1. piriformis 2. obturator internus 3. S/I gemelli 4. quadratus femoris 5. obturator externus

piriformis prox attachment

sacrum

piriformis distal attachment

femur/greater trochanter

piriformis innervation

lumbosacral plexus (S1, 2)

piriformis action

hip ER, ABD

obturator internus prox attachment

deep surface obturator membrane

obturator internus distal attachment

femur/greater trochanter

obturator internus innervation

lumbosacral plexus (L5, S1)

obturator internus action

Hip ER, ABD

S/I gemelli prox attachment

hip/ischial spine and tuberosity

S/I gemelli distal attachment

greater trochanter

S/I gemelli innervation

lumbosacral plexus (L5, S1)

S/I gemelli action

hip ER and ABD

quadratus femoris prox attachment

hip/ischial tuberosity

quadratus femoris distal attachment

femur/intertrochanteric

quadratus femoris innervation

lumbosacral plexus (L5, S1)

quadratus femoris action

Hip ER

Obturator externus prox attachment

external surface obturator membrane

obturator externus distal attachment

greater trochanter

obturator externus innervation

obturator nerve (L3, 4)

obturator externus action

Hip ER and ABD of femur

Nerves branching from sacral plexus and passing through greater sciatic foramen

1. Superior gluteal 2. interior gluteal 3. nerve to obturator internus 4. nerve to quadratus femoris 5. posterior branches of ventral rami S1 and S2 to piriformis 6. clunial nerves, S/M/I cutaneous innervations

Arteries of gluteal region

1. Internal Iliac 2. superior gluteal artery 3. inferior gluteal artery 4. obturator artery

Veins of gluteal region

1. internal ilia veins 2. superior gluteal vein 3. inferior gluteal vein 4. obturator vein

Posterior thigh muscles

1. Semitendinosis 2. Semimembranosis 3. Biceps femoris

Semitendinosis prox attachment

hip/ischial tuberosity

semitendinosis distal attachment

pes anserinus

semitendinosis innervation

tibial nerve (L5, S1, 2)

semitendinosis action

1. hip - Ext, IR | 2. knee - flex

prox attachment biceps femoris long head

hip/ischial tuberosity

distal attachment biceps femoris long head

tibia/lateral plateau/fibula

innervation biceps femoris long head

tibial nerve (L5, S1, 2)

biceps femoris long head action

1. hip - extend, ER | 2. knee - flex

prox attachment biceps femoris short head

femur/linea aspira

distal attachment biceps femoris short head

tibia/lateral plateau/ fibula

biceps femoris short head innervation

fibular nerve (L5, S1, 2)

biceps femoris short head actions

knee - flex, ER

Nerves of the posterior thigh

1. sciatic nerve | 2. posterior cutaneous nerve

branches of sciatic nerve

1. tibial branch | 2. fibularbranch

tibial nerve destination

anterior division to flexors

fibular nerve destination

posterior division to extensors

Blood vessels of the posterior thigh

1. Deep artery | 2. Deep vein