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Anatomy Test 3 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

where are the kidneys located?

A

posterior abdominal wal

retroperitoneal

T12-L3

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2
Q

which kidney is higher?

A

Left kidney

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3
Q

describe the cross sectional anatomy of the kidneys

A
  1. tough outer capsule
  2. cortex
  3. medulla
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4
Q

what is in the renal cortex?

A

nephrons

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5
Q

what is in the medulla?

A
  1. pyramids
  2. renal papillae
  3. collecting ducts
  4. columns
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6
Q

what is within the pyramids in the medulla?

A

long loop of Henle and collecting ducts for all nephrons

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7
Q

what are the renal papillae?

A

they contain the opening of collecting ducts which drain into minro and major calyx

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8
Q

where are the renal columns?

A

in the medulla

between each renal pyramid

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9
Q

what is found within the columns?

A

arteries and veins that carry blood to the cortex

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10
Q

what are the renal papillae?

A

where the renal pyramids meet the minor calyx

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11
Q

what is the renal hilum?

A

section of the kidney where all the vessels pass into and out of it. these include:

  • renal arteiers
  • renal veins
  • renal pelvis/Ureters
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12
Q

where do the renal arteries branch from?

A

abdominal aorta

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13
Q

where do the renal veins drain?

A

directly into the inferior vena cava

**not part of the hepatic portal vein system

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14
Q

what are the ureters?

A

muscular tubes running retroperitoneal that carry urine from kidneys to the bladder

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15
Q

where are the adrenal glands?

A

on top of either kidney

attached to crura of diaphragm

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16
Q

descibe the anatomy of the adrenal glands

A

made up of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

17
Q

where is the urinary bladder?

A

in the pelvic cavity

male: between pubic bone and rectum
female: between pubic bone and vagina

18
Q

where in the pelvic cavity is the urinary bladder?

A

when empty it is below the pelvic brim of the lesser (true) pelvic cavity

when it is full, it protrudes above the pelvic brim into the greater (false) pelvic cavity

19
Q

what is the apex of the urinary bladder?

A

the portion near the pubic symphysis

20
Q

what is the fundus?

A

portion that forms the posterior wall of the urinary bladder

21
Q

where is the body of the bladder?

A

between the apex and the fundus

22
Q

what is the neck of the urinary bladder?

A

attachment for the urethra

23
Q

how do the ureters attach to the urinary bladder?

A

via the ureteric orfices

these have flap valves that prevent back flow to the kidney

24
Q

what is the trigone?

A

an area of the bladder flow that has 3 openings

25
Q

what are the 3 openings in the trigone of the urinary bladder?

A

2 ureter openings + 1 urethral opening

26
Q

what is the detrusor muscle?

A

the thick smooth muscle walls of the urinary bladder

27
Q

PNS input to the bladder will result in what?

A

constricting of the detrusor muscle

28
Q

SNS input to the bladder will result in what?

A

dilation of the detrusor muscle

29
Q

what is the internal urethral sphincter?

A

thickening of the detrusor muscle where the urethra attaches

30
Q

what is the external urethral sphincter?

A

associated with the perineal muscles in the perineal membrane

located in urogential membrane/diaphragm with compressor urethra

31
Q

what is the arterial feed to the urinary bladder?

A

vescicular branches of the internal iliac arteries

32
Q

what is the venous supply to the urinary bladder?

A

corresponding vessels to the arteries

drain via internal iliac veins

33
Q

describe the flow of urine from the kidney to the ureters

A
  1. blood
  2. Kidney nephron (cortex)
  3. Kidney medulla -> pyramids
  4. renal papillae
  5. minor calyx
  6. major calyx
  7. renal pelvis
  8. ureters
34
Q

describe the flow of urine from the ureters to outside the body

A
  1. ureters
  2. bladder
  3. internal urethral sphincter
  4. external urethral sphincter
35
Q

what occurs in the kindey nephron (cortex)

A

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

36
Q

what is kidney filtration?

A

the process of filtering fluid and small solutes from blood to urine

occurs at the nephron corpuscle

37
Q

what is kidney reabsorption?

A

process by which fluid and useful solutes are reabsorbed from the urine to the blood

38
Q

what is kidney secretion at the nephron?

A

secretion of selective of small solute from blood to urine

Anatomy Test 3 (6 decks)

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