Urinary System Flashcards
where are the kidneys located?
posterior abdominal wal
retroperitoneal
T12-L3
which kidney is higher?
Left kidney
describe the cross sectional anatomy of the kidneys
- tough outer capsule
- cortex
- medulla
what is in the renal cortex?
nephrons
what is in the medulla?
- pyramids
- renal papillae
- collecting ducts
- columns
what is within the pyramids in the medulla?
long loop of Henle and collecting ducts for all nephrons
what are the renal papillae?
they contain the opening of collecting ducts which drain into minro and major calyx
where are the renal columns?
in the medulla
between each renal pyramid
what is found within the columns?
arteries and veins that carry blood to the cortex
what are the renal papillae?
where the renal pyramids meet the minor calyx
what is the renal hilum?
section of the kidney where all the vessels pass into and out of it. these include:
- renal arteiers
- renal veins
- renal pelvis/Ureters
where do the renal arteries branch from?
abdominal aorta
where do the renal veins drain?
directly into the inferior vena cava
**not part of the hepatic portal vein system
what are the ureters?
muscular tubes running retroperitoneal that carry urine from kidneys to the bladder
where are the adrenal glands?
on top of either kidney
attached to crura of diaphragm
descibe the anatomy of the adrenal glands
made up of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
where is the urinary bladder?
in the pelvic cavity
male: between pubic bone and rectum
female: between pubic bone and vagina
where in the pelvic cavity is the urinary bladder?
when empty it is below the pelvic brim of the lesser (true) pelvic cavity
when it is full, it protrudes above the pelvic brim into the greater (false) pelvic cavity
what is the apex of the urinary bladder?
the portion near the pubic symphysis
what is the fundus?
portion that forms the posterior wall of the urinary bladder
where is the body of the bladder?
between the apex and the fundus
what is the neck of the urinary bladder?
attachment for the urethra
how do the ureters attach to the urinary bladder?
via the ureteric orfices
these have flap valves that prevent back flow to the kidney
what is the trigone?
an area of the bladder flow that has 3 openings
what are the 3 openings in the trigone of the urinary bladder?
2 ureter openings + 1 urethral opening
what is the detrusor muscle?
the thick smooth muscle walls of the urinary bladder
PNS input to the bladder will result in what?
constricting of the detrusor muscle
SNS input to the bladder will result in what?
dilation of the detrusor muscle
what is the internal urethral sphincter?
thickening of the detrusor muscle where the urethra attaches
what is the external urethral sphincter?
associated with the perineal muscles in the perineal membrane
located in urogential membrane/diaphragm with compressor urethra
what is the arterial feed to the urinary bladder?
vescicular branches of the internal iliac arteries
what is the venous supply to the urinary bladder?
corresponding vessels to the arteries
drain via internal iliac veins
describe the flow of urine from the kidney to the ureters
- blood
- Kidney nephron (cortex)
- Kidney medulla -> pyramids
- renal papillae
- minor calyx
- major calyx
- renal pelvis
- ureters
describe the flow of urine from the ureters to outside the body
- ureters
- bladder
- internal urethral sphincter
- external urethral sphincter
what occurs in the kindey nephron (cortex)
filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
what is kidney filtration?
the process of filtering fluid and small solutes from blood to urine
occurs at the nephron corpuscle
what is kidney reabsorption?
process by which fluid and useful solutes are reabsorbed from the urine to the blood
what is kidney secretion at the nephron?
secretion of selective of small solute from blood to urine
