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Anatomy Test 3 > Calf and Ankle > Flashcards

Calf and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the groups of bones of the ankle/foot?

A
  1. Tarsals
  2. Metatarsals
  3. Phalanges
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2
Q

Name the tarsal bones

A
  1. talus
  2. calcaneus
  3. navicular
  4. cuboid
  5. medial/lateral/intermediate cuneiforms
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3
Q

What does the talus articulate with to form the ankle joint?

A

Tibia and fibula

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4
Q

what articulations form the intertarsal joints?

A

talus with calcaneus and navicular

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5
Q

name the features of the talus

A
  1. body
  2. neck
  3. head
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6
Q

what does the body of the talus articulate with?

A
  1. tibia
  2. M/L malleolus
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7
Q

what does the neck of the talus articulate with?

A

navicular bone

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8
Q

what are the features of the calcaneus?

A
  1. calcaneal tuberosity
  2. sustenticulum tali
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9
Q

name the joints at the lower leg/ankle?

A
  1. Tibiofibular
    1. proximal (superior)
    2. distal (inferior)
  2. Talocrural
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10
Q

proximal tibiofibular joint articulations

A

head of fibula and lateral epicondyle/plateau of tibia

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11
Q

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A

planar synovial joint

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12
Q

Ligaments of the proximal tibiofibular joint

A
  1. strong joint capsule
  2. A/P ligaments of the fibular head
  3. Interosseous membrane
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13
Q

Movements of the proximal tibiofibular joint

A

generally doesn’t move

allows slight elevation during dorsiflexion to help with shock absorption

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14
Q

Distal tibiofibular joint articulations

A

medial surface of the distal end of fibula with fibular notch of tibia

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15
Q

Distal tibiofibular joint type

A

syndesmosis (amphiarthrosis)

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16
Q

Ligaments of the distal tibiofibular joint

A
  1. No joint capsule = not synovial joint
  2. interosseous tibiofibular ligament
  3. A/P tibiofibular ligaments
  4. interior transverse ligament
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17
Q

Articulations at the talocrural joint

A
  1. fibulotalar - lateral malleolus of fibula with lateral trochlea of talus
  2. tibiotalar - distal end of tibia and lateral edge of medial malleolus with superio and medial trochlea of talus
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18
Q

which articulation at the talocrual joint is the weight bearing connection between the tibia and talus?

A

Tibiotalar

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19
Q

Joint type of talocrural joint

A

hinge, synovial

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20
Q

Ligaments of the Talocrual joint

A
  1. interosseus ligament
  2. joint capsule
  3. collateral ligaments (M/L)
  4. Inferior transverse ligament
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21
Q

what are the collateral ligaments of the Talocrural joint?

A
  1. Lateral (fibular) collarteral ligament
  2. Medial (tibial) collateral (deltoid) ligament
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22
Q

Movements at the talocrural joint

A

Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion with a little wobble when plantar flexion

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23
Q

the body of the the talus is _______ anterior than posterior

A

wider

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24
Q

when the ankle is ____________ the _____________ part of the talus body is between the malleoli for a tighter more ________ fit

A
  • dorsiflexed
  • wider anterior
  • stable
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25
Q

Tibialis anterior prox attachment

A

tibia/fibula/IO membrane

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26
Q

Tibialis anterior distal attachment

A

medial tarsals (medial cuneiform & navicular) and base of metatarsal 1

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27
Q

Tibialis anterior innervation

A

fibular nerve (L4, 5)

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28
Q

Tibialis anterior action

A
  1. at ankle - dorsiflex
  2. at intertarsal joints - inversion
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29
Q

Extensor digitorum longus prox attachment

A

tibial/fibula/IO membrane

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30
Q

Extensor digitorum longus distal attachment

A

extensor expansion digits 2-5

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31
Q

Extensor digitorum longus innervation

A

fibular nerve (L4, 5)

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32
Q

Extensor digitorum longus action

A
  1. at ankle - dorsiflex
  2. at digits - extension
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33
Q

what forms the extensor expansion on digits 2-5?

A
  1. extensor digitorum longus
  2. lumbricals
  3. plantar interossei
  4. dorsal interossei
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34
Q

Extensor hallucis longus prox attachment

A

tibia/fibula/IO membrane

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35
Q

Extensor hallucis longus distal attachment

A

extensor expansion of hallux (digit 1)

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36
Q

Extensor hallucis longus innervation

A

fibular nerve (L4, 5)

37
Q

Extensor hallucis long action

A
  1. at ankle - dorsiflex
  2. at hallux: extend
  3. at intertarsal joints - inversion
38
Q

Fibularis teritus prox attachment

A

fibula/IO membrane

39
Q

Fibularis tertius distal attachment

A

base of metatarsal 5 (lateral foot)

40
Q

Fibularis tertius innervation

A

fibular nerve (L4, 5)

41
Q

Fibularis tertius action

A
  1. at ankle - dorsiflex
  2. at intertarsal joints - eversion
42
Q

What are the retinaculum?

A

2 bands located on distal atnerior surface of leg

covers anterior compartment tendons to prevent bowstringing

43
Q

list the retinaculum at the ankle

A
  1. Superior extensor retinaculum
    1. superior fibular retinaculum
  2. Inferior extensor retinaculum
    1. inferior fibular retinaculum
44
Q

where is the superior extensor retinaculum?

A

from tibia to fibula proximal to malleoli

45
Q

What is the superior fibular retinaculum?

A

an extension of the superior retinaculum

46
Q

where is the superior fibular retinaculum?

A

runs from anterior intermuscular septum to the fibula

contains fibularis longus and brevis tendons

47
Q

where is the inferior extensor retinaculum?

A

“Y” shaped band from medial ankle (tibia) and foot (navicular) to lateral foot (calcaneus)

48
Q

what is the inferior fibular retinaculum?

A

an extension of the inferior extensor retinaculum that passes over the fibularis longus and brevis tendons

49
Q

Muscles in the Anterior/Lateral Compartment of Leg

A
  1. Tibialis anterior
  2. Extensor digitorum longus
  3. Extensor hallucis longus
  4. Fibularis tertius
50
Q

Lateral compartment Muscles

A
  1. Fibularis longus
  2. Fibularis brevis
51
Q

Fibularis longus prox attachment

52
Q

Fibularis longus distal attachment

A

base of metatarsal 1

medial cuneiform

53
Q

Fibularis longus innervation

A

fibular never (L5, S1, S2)

54
Q

Fibularis Longus Action

A
  1. at ankle - plantar flex
  2. at intertarsal joints:
    1. eversion
    2. maintain transverse arch
55
Q

Fibularis brevis prox attachment

56
Q

Fibularis brevis distal attachment

A

base of 5th metatarsal

57
Q

Fibularis brevis innervation

A

fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

58
Q

Fibularis brevis action

A
  1. at ankle - plantar flex
  2. at intertarsal joints - eversion
59
Q

Posterior Compartment of Leg

Superficial Muscles

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. Soleus
60
Q

Gastrocnemius prox attachment

A

medial and lateral condyles of femur

61
Q

Gastrocnemius distal attachment

A

Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon -> calcaneal tuberosity

62
Q

Gastrocnemius innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S1, 2)

63
Q

Gastrocnemius action

A
  1. at knee - flex
  2. at ankle - plantar flex
64
Q

T/F: the gastrocnemius is primarily made of red muscle fibers and is used for long duration activities

A

FALSE - it is white fibers and used in burst activities

65
Q

Soleus prox attachment

A

tibia/fibula/IO membrane

66
Q

Soleus distal attachment

A

calcanel (Achilles) tendon -> calcaneal tuberosity

67
Q

Soleus innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S1, 2)

68
Q

Soleus action

A

plantar flex

69
Q

Posterior Compartment of Leg

Deep muscles

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. Tibialis posterior
  3. Flexor hallucis longus
  4. Flexor digitorum longus
70
Q

Popliteus prox attachment

A

lateral meniscus

lateral condyle of femur

71
Q

Popliteus distal attachment

A

lateral edge of tibia

72
Q

Popliteus innervation

A

tibial nerve (L4, 5, S1)

73
Q

Popliteus action

A

slightly flex and rotate to unlock the knee from fully extended position

74
Q

Popliteus action

A
  1. pull the lateral meniscus posteriorly
  2. “unlock” knee from full extension
75
Q

Tibialis posterior prox attachment

A

tibia/fibula/IO membrane

76
Q

Tibialis posterior distal attachment

A

broad attachment at tarsals (calcaneus, navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid)

base of metatarsals 3-4

77
Q

Tibialis posterior innervation

A

tibial nerve (L4, 5)

78
Q

Tibialis posterior action

A
  1. at ankle - plantar flex
  2. at intertarsal joints:
    1. inversion
    2. maintain transverse arch
79
Q

Flexor hallucis longus prox attachment

A

tibial/fibula/IO membrane

80
Q

Flexor hallucis longus distal attachment

A

distal phalange of digit 1

81
Q

Flexor hallucis longus innervation

A

tibial nerve (S2, 3)

82
Q

Flexor hallucis longus action

A
  1. at ankle - plantar flex
  2. at intertarsal joints - inversion
  3. at digit 1 (metatarsal/phalangeal + interphalangeal) - flex
83
Q

T/F: the flexor hallucis longus is a huge stabilizer and important for push off

84
Q

Flexor digitorum longus prox attachment

A

tibia/fibula/IO membrane

85
Q

Flexor digitorum longus distal attachment

A

distal phalanges of digits 2-5

86
Q

Flexor digitorum longus innervation

A

tibial nerve (S2, 3)

87
Q

Flexor digitorum longus action

A
  1. at ankle - plantar flex
  2. at intertarsal joints - inversion
  3. at digits 2 thru 5 - flex
88
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A
  1. superior lateral = biceps femoris
  2. superior medial = semitendinosus and semimembranosus
  3. inferior lateral and medial = gastrocnemius
  4. floor = popliteus
89
Q

Contents of popliteus fossa

A
  1. popliteal arteries and veins
  2. Tibial and fibular nerves
  3. lymph nodes and vessels
  4. popliteus and plantaris muscles

Anatomy Test 3 (6 decks)

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