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Anatomy Test 3 > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Name the different Intertarsal Joints

A
  1. Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint
  2. Talonavicular joint
  3. Surgical subtalar
  4. Transverse tarsal
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2
Q

what type of joint is the Talonavicular joint?

A

ball and socket, synovial

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3
Q

What is the role of the talonavicular joint?

A

transfer weight from the tibia through the talus anteriorly to the balls of the feet

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4
Q

The surgical subtalar joint is a combination of what?

A

the talocalcaneal and talonavicular joint

*also called the talocalcaneonavicular joint

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5
Q

What ocurs at the talocalcaneonavicular (surgical subtalar) joint?

A

location of most movement in inversion/eversion

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6
Q

what is the transverse tarasl joint a combination of?

A

calcaneocuboid + talonavicular compound joint

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7
Q

what does the transverse tarsal joint allow?

A

rotation around a longitudinal axis contributing to inversion/eversion

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8
Q

what is the role of all the other intertarsal joints?

A

absorb shock and dissipate shock from impact of foot with ground

only give a little and don’t have appreciable movement

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9
Q

Tarsometatarsal joint type?

A

plane type synovial joint

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10
Q

Intermetatarsal joint type

A

planar synovial

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11
Q

Ligaments of the intermetatarsal joints

A
  1. strong capsule
  2. strong interosseous ligaments
  3. deep transverse ligament distally
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12
Q

role of the deep transverse ligament?

A

ties all 5 metatarsal together distally

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13
Q

what joint is at the “balls of the feet”?

A

mmetatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint

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14
Q

MTP joint type?

A

condyloid synovial

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15
Q

Ligaments of the MTP joints

A
  1. strong capsule
  2. collateral ligaments
  3. plantar ligaments
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16
Q

what do the plantar ligaments at the MTP joints limit?

A

extension

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17
Q

(Feet) Interphalangeal joint type?

A

hinge synovial

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18
Q

Ligaments of the interphalangeal joints?

A
  1. strong capsule
  2. colalteral ligaments
  3. plantar ligaments
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19
Q

What are the two types of arches at the feet?

A
  1. Longitdudinal
  2. Transverse
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20
Q

name the 2 longitudinal arches of the feet?

A
  1. Medial
  2. Lateral
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21
Q

What do the arches of the feet allow for?

A

distribution of body weight between heel and balls of feet for 2-point transfer to the ground

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22
Q

Roles of arches of feet

A
  1. Shock absorber
  2. Act as a springboard = provide propulsive force (recoil) during the push off part of the stance phase
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23
Q

which arch is the highest and most important?

A

Medial longitudinal arch

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24
Q

Name the structures of the Medial Longitudinal arch from posterior to anterior

A

calcaneus -> talus -> navicular -> 3 cuneiforms -> metatarsals 1-3

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25
Q

what significant ligament is found in the medial longitudinal arch?

A

Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

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26
Q

describe the weight distribution of the medial longitudinal arch

A

from talus (high point) to calcaneus posterior and heads of metatarsals 1-3 (medial balls of foot) anterior

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27
Q

name the structures of the lateral longitudinal arch from posterior to anterior

A

calcaneus -> cuboid -> metatarsals 4 & 5

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28
Q

describe the weight distribution of the lateral longitudinal arch

A

from calcaneus (reveived weight from talus)

to cuboid (high point)

and heads of metatarsals 4 and 5 (anterior)

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29
Q

name the structures of the transverse arch from lateral to medial

A

cuboid, cuneiforms and bases of metatarsal bones

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30
Q

what maintains the transverse arch?

A
  1. shape of bones (broader on dorsum than plantar)
  2. ligaments
  3. tendons
  4. muscles
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31
Q

what ligaments help maintain the transverse arch?

A

deep and superficial transverse and plantar intermetatarsal ligaments

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32
Q

what tendons help maintain the transverse arch?

A
  1. fibularis longus
  2. tibialis posterior
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33
Q

what muscle helps maintain the transverse arch?

A

adductor hallucis

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34
Q

what passive factors help maintain the arches of the feet?

A
  1. plantar aponeurosis
  2. long plantar ligmanet
  3. short plantar (calcaneocuboid) ligament
  4. spring (calcaneonavicular) ligament
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35
Q

what is the plantar aponeurosis?

A

deep fascia running longituindally from heel to balls of feet

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36
Q

What muscles are in the thenar group of the intrinsic foot muscles?

A
  1. abductor hallucis
  2. flexor hallucis brevis
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37
Q

What muscles are in the hypothenar group of the intrinsic foot muscles?

A
  1. abductor digit minimi
  2. flexor digiti minimi
  3. opponens digiti minmi
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38
Q

What muscles support the medial longitudinal arch?

A
  1. abductor hallucis
  2. flexor hallucis brevis
  3. flexor digitorum brevis
  4. flexor digitorum longus
  5. flexor hallucis longus
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39
Q

What muscles support the lateral longitudinal arch?

A
  1. abductor digiti minimi
  2. flexor digiti minimi
  3. opponens digiti minimi
  4. flexor digitorum brevis
  5. flexor digitorum longus
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40
Q

What muscles support the transverse arch?

A
  1. fibularis longus
  2. tibialis posterior
  3. adductor hallucis
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41
Q

What are the zones that the foot can be divided into?

A
  1. hindfoot
  2. midfoot
  3. forefoot
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42
Q

what does the hindfoot consist of?

A

talus and calcaneus

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43
Q

What does the midfoot consist of?

A
  1. navicular
  2. cuboid
  3. cuneiforms
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44
Q

What does the forefoot consist of?

A

metatarsals and phalanges

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45
Q

what creates longitudinal compartments in the foot?

A

plantar fascia that has vertical septa

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46
Q

What are the comparments of the foot?

A
  1. medial
  2. central
  3. lateral
  4. interosseous
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47
Q

where is the medial compartment of the foot?

A

located in midfoot and forefoot

also called the thenar compartment

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48
Q

what is inside the medial compartment of the foot?

A
  1. medial intrinsic foot muscles and tendons to the hallux
  2. medial plantar nerve and vessels
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49
Q

Where is the central compartment of the foot located at?

A

midfoot and forefoot

50
Q

what is in the central compartment of the foot?

A

intrinsic foot muscles and tendons to digits 1-5

lateral plantar nerves and vessels

flexor digitorum longus and brevis

51
Q

where is the lateral compartment of the foot located at?

A

midfoot and forefoot

also called the hypothenar compartment

52
Q

what does the lateral compartment of the foot contain?

A

intrinsic foot muscle and tendons to digit 5

53
Q

Where is the interosseous compartment of the foot?

A

in the forefoot only

54
Q

what is located within the interosseous compartment of the foot?

A
  1. metatarsals
  2. interosseous muscles
  3. deep plantar blood vessels
  4. PADs and DABs
55
Q

what is the overall function of the instrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

work together to maintain the arches of the foot when weight is loaded on them during stance phase

56
Q

Intrinsic foot muscles in the 1st layer

A
  1. Abductor hallucis
  2. Flexor digitorum brevis
  3. Abductor digiti minimi
57
Q

Abductor hallucis prox attachment

A

calcaneus & plantar aponeurosis

58
Q

Abductor Hallucis distal attachment

A

proximal phalanx digit 1 (medial side)

59
Q

Abductor Hallucis action

A
  1. abduct digit 1 (limited by deep and surface transverse ligaments)
  2. maintain medial longitudinal arch
  3. provide cushioning
60
Q

Abductor hallucis innervation

A

branch of tibial nerve = medial plantar (S2, 3)

61
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis prox attachment

A

calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

62
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis distal attachment

A

middle phalanx digit 2-5 (medial and lateral sides)

split attachment similar to flexor digitorum superficialis in hand

63
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis action

A
  1. flex digits 2-5
  2. maintain M/L longitudinal arches
  3. provides cushioning
  4. keeps flexor digitorum longus oriented
64
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis innervation

A

branch of tibial nerve = medial plantar (S2,3)

65
Q

Abductor digiti minimi prox attachment

A

calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

66
Q

Abductor digiti minimi distal attachment

A

proximal phalanx digit 5 (lateral side)

67
Q

Abductor digiti minimi action

A
  1. abduct digit 5 (at MTP joint)
  2. maintain lateral longitudinal arch
  3. provide cushioning
68
Q

Abductor digiti minimi innervation

A

branch of tibial nerve = lateral plantar (S2, 3)

69
Q

Intrinsic foot muscles 2nd layer

A
  1. Quadratus plantae
  2. Lumbricals
70
Q

Quadratus plantae prox attachment

A

calcaneus

71
Q

Quadratus plantae distal attachment

A

tendon of flexor digitorum longus

72
Q

Quadratus plantae action

A
  1. maintain orientation of flexor digitorum longus (straigtens line of pull of FDL)
  2. maintain longitudinal arch
73
Q

Quadratus plantae innervation

A

branch of tibial nerve = medial plantar (S2, 3)

74
Q

Lumbricals prox attachment

A

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

75
Q

Lumbricals distal attachment

A

extensor expansion digits 2-5

76
Q

Lumbricals action

A
  1. flex at MTP joints of digits 2-5
  2. extend at IP joints of digits 2-5
77
Q

Lumbricals innervation

A

branch of tibial nerve = lateral and mediial plantar nerve (S2, 3)

78
Q

3rd layer of intrinsic muscles

A
  1. Flexor hallucis brevis
  2. Adductor hallucis
  3. flexor digiti minimi brevis
79
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis prox attachment

A

cuboid and lateral cuneiform

80
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis distal attachment

A

split attachment M/L sides of proximal phalange of digit 1

onto sesamoid bones

81
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis action

A
  1. maintain orientation of flexor hallucis longus
  2. maintain medial longitudinal arch
82
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis innervation

A

branch of tibial nerve = medial plantar (S2, 3)

83
Q

Adductor hallucis prox attachment

A
  1. oblique head = base of metatarsals 2-4
  2. transverse head = plantar ligment of MTP joints
84
Q

Adductor hallucis distal attachment

A

Oblique and transverse head = lateral side base of proximal phalange of digit

85
Q

Adductor hallucis action

A
  1. Main action = maintain transverse arch of foot
  2. adduct digit 1
  3. provide cushioning
86
Q

Adductor hallucis innervation

A

branch of tibial nerve = lateral plantar (S2, 3)

87
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis prox attachment

A

base of metatarsal 5

88
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis distal attachment

A

base of proximal phalange 5

89
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis action

A

flex digit 5

90
Q

Flexor digit minimi brevis innervation

A

branch tibial nerve = lateral plantar (S2, 3)

91
Q

Muscles in the 4th layer of intrinsic muscle

A
  1. Plantar interossei (PADs)
  2. Dorsal interossei (DABs)
92
Q

Plantar interossei (PADs) prox attachment

A

metatarsals 3-5

93
Q

Plantar interossei (PADs) distal attachment

A

extensor expansion 3-5

94
Q

Plantar interossei (PADs) action

A
  1. adduct digit 3-5 (move towards digit 2 as reference)
  2. flex MTP joints of digits 3-5
  3. extend IP joints of digits 3-5
95
Q

Plantar interossei (PADs) innervation

A

branch of tibial nerve = lateral plantar (S2, 3)

96
Q

Dorsal interossei (DABs) prox attachment

A

metatarsals 1-5

97
Q

Dorsal interossei (DABs) distal attachment

A

extensor expansion 2-4

digit 2 has a M/L DAB

digit 3 and 4 have lateral only

98
Q

Dorsal interossei (DABs) action

A
  1. abduct digit 3-4 (away from 2)
  2. abd/adduct digit 2
  3. flex MTP joints digits 2-4
  4. extend IP joints digits 2-4
99
Q

Dorsal interossei (DABs) innervation

A

branch of tibial nerve = lateral plantar (S2, 3)

100
Q

What muscles are on the dorsum of the foot?

A
  1. Extensor digitorum brevis
  2. Extensor hallucis brevis
101
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis prox attachment

A

calcaneus

102
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis distal attachment

A

extensor expansion 2-4

103
Q

Extensory digitorum brevis action

A
  1. extend digits 2-4
  2. shock absorption, raising height of arches
104
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis innervation

A

deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

105
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis prox attachment

A

calcaneus

106
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis distal attachment

A

extensor expansion of digit 1

107
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis action

A
  1. extend digit 1
  2. shock absorption, raising height of arches
108
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis innervation

A

deep fibular (L5, S1)

109
Q

Motor nerves of the foot

A
  1. Tibial nerve
  2. Deep fibular nerve
110
Q

Tibial nerve route and destinations

A

divides into M/L plantar nerves

supply intrinsic muscles on plantar surface of the foot

111
Q

Deep fibular nerve route and destinations

A

to intrinsic foot muscles on dorsum of foot

112
Q

Sensory nerves of the foot

A
  1. Sural
  2. Saphenous
  3. Fibular
  4. Tibial
113
Q

Origin and destination of sural nerve

A

origin = tibial never

destination = lateral malleolus

114
Q

Origin and destination of saphenous cutaneous nerve?

A

origin = femoral nerve

destination = medial malleolus

115
Q

Destinations of cutaneous fibular nerve?

A
  1. Dorsum of hallux
  2. Dorsum of digit 5
  3. Dorsum of foot
116
Q

Destinations of cutaneous tibial nerve?

A
  1. Plantar hallux
  2. Plantar digit 5
  3. Plantar foot
117
Q

Arteries of the feet

A
  1. Anterior tibial artery
  2. Fibular artery
  3. Posterior tibial artery
118
Q

Branches of the anterior tibial artery

A

dorsal pedis artery

119
Q

branches of the fibular artery

A

perforating branches of fibular artery

120
Q

what do the anterior tibial and fibular artery combine to form?

A

dorsal arch

121
Q

Branches of hte Posterior Tibial artery

A
  1. Medial plantar artery
  2. lateral plantar artery
  3. deep plantar arch

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