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MD3002 - GI Anatomy > Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

A
  • quadratus lumborum
  • psoas major
  • psoas minor
  • diaphragm
  • iliacus
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2
Q
A

red = quadratus lumborum

blue = psoas minor

green = psoas major

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3
Q
A

green = psoas major

red = quadratus lumborum

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4
Q

What is the origin of quadratus lumborum?

A

inferior border of 12th rib, transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

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5
Q

What is the insertion of quadratus lumborum?

A

iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest

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6
Q

What is the action of quadratus lumborum?

A

fixes the 12th rib during inspiration, lateral flexion (and extension) of the vertebral column

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7
Q

What is the nerve innervation quadratus lumborum?

A

T12-L4

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8
Q

What is the origin of psoas major?

A

transverse processes of lumbar vertbrae, vertberal bodies of T12-L4 and IV disks

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9
Q

What is the insertion of psoas major?

A

lesser trochanters

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10
Q

What muscles fascia contributes to the lateral acurate ligament?

A

quadratus lumborum

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11
Q

What is the action of psoas major?

A

flexion of the thigh (with iliacus), flexion of the trunk when thigh is flexed and lateral flexion of the vertebral column

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12
Q

What is the nerve innervation of psoas major?

A

L1-L3

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13
Q

What is the origin of psoas minor?

A

bodies of T12-L1

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14
Q

What is the insertion of psoas minor?

A

pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence

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15
Q

What is the nerve innervation of psoas minor?

A

L1

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16
Q

What is the action of psoas minor?

A

Similar to psoas major but weaker

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17
Q

What is the origin of iliacus?

A

iliac fossa, iliac crest, anterior sacroiliac ligament

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18
Q

What is the insertion of iliacus?

A

lesser trochanter

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19
Q

What is the action of iliacus

A

flexion of the thigh

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20
Q

What is the nerve innervation of iliacus

A

femoral nerve

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21
Q

What is the space between the inguinal ligament and the hip bone divided by?

A

femoral sheath into muscular compartments

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22
Q

What is the femoral sheath an extension of?

A

transversalis fascia

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23
Q

What does the muscular compartment of the femoral sheath transmit?

A

psoas majot and iliacus muscles with femoral nerve

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24
Q

What does the vascular compartment of trhe femoral sheath transmit?

A

femoral vessels

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25
Where is the femoral canal located?
medial to the vascular compartment of the femoral sheath is the femoral canal
26
What is the opening of the femoral canal?
femoral ring
27
What is the femoral canal bounded by?
* inguinal ligament (anterior) * Lacunar ligmaent (medial) * Pectineus or pectineal ligament (posterior) * femoral vein (lateral)
28
What is the femoral canal closed by?
extraperitoneal tissue
29
How common is femoral hernia in males compared to females?
20x more common in females
30
Name a weak area associated with abdominal protursion of the abdominal organs into the femoral canal?
femoral ring
31
What landmark can be used to differentiate between inguinal and femoral hernia?
pubic tubercle
32
What is more common if there is a swelling inferior and lateral to the pubic tubercle
femoral hernia
33
Where do spinal nerves arise from and where do they merge?
arise from segments of the spinal cord and merge as dorsal (posterior) sensory roots and ventral (anterior) motor roots
34
What do sensory and motor roots combine to form?
mixed spinal nerve that passes through an intervertebral foramen and divides into a dorsal and ventral ramus
35
What is a dermatome?
region or strip of skin supplied by a specific spinal nerve
36
What is each spinal nerve named in relation to?
intervertebral foramen from which it emerges
37
`what is a myotome?
the muscle or group of muscles supplied by a specific nerve
38
What are the skin and muscles of the abdominal wall supplied by?
segments of the ventral rami of the spinal nerves T7-12 and L1
39
How do the nerves pass in the abdomen?
pass infero-medially around the abdomen between internal oblique and transversus abdominis
40
What type of cutaneous branches are there in the adbome?
posterior, lateral and anterior
41
Dermatome T6-7
Epigastrium (referred pain from the stomach)
42
Dermatome T10
umbilicus referred pain from appendix, gonad and small intestine
43
Dematome T12
pubic region referred paun from lower colon, bladder and uterus
44
How does the shingles rash present?
rash can form a band along the course of a nerve (dermatome) only appears on one side of your body
45
What are the abdominal wall muscles and skin supplied by?
T7-L1 spinal nerves
46
What does L1 contribute to?
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
47
Where do nerves of the abdomen pass between?
internal oblique and transversus abdominis (2nd and 3rd layers)
48
Why do nerves of abdomen enter the rectus sheath?
to supply rectus abdominis from medial to lateral
49
What muscle does the iliohypogastric nerve pierce?
external oblique aponeurosis above the superifical inguinal ring
50
What does the ilioinguinal nerve enter?
inguinal canal (but not through the deep inguinal ring) and emerges through the superifical ring
51
What do the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves supply?
skin just above the inguinal ligament inferior fibres of internal oblique and transverse abdominis
52
Name the 7 nerves of the lumbar plexus
1. Iliohypogastric (L1) 2. Ilioinguinal (L1) 3. Genitofemoral (L1,2) 4. Lateral femoral cutaneous (L2, L3) - lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh 5. Obturator (L2,3,4) 6. Femoral (L2,3,4) 7. To lumbosacral trunk
53
1. Iliohypogastric (L1) 2. Ilioinguinal (L1) 3. Genitofemoral (L1,2) 4. Lateral femoral cutaneous (L2, L3) - lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh 5. Obturator (L2,3,4) 6. Femoral (L2,3,4) 7. To lumbosacral trunk
54
What are the 7 main arteries that supply the posterior abdominal wall?
1. intercostal arteries 2. lumbar arteries 3. superior epigastric arteries 4. inferior epigastric arteries 5. superifical epigastric arteries 6. superifical circumflex iliac arteries 7. deep circumflex arteries
55
1. intercostal arteries 2. lumbar arteries 3. superior epigastric arteries 4. inferior epigastric arteries 5. superifical epigastric arteries 6. superifical circumflex iliac arteries 7. deep circumflex arteries
56
Where do lumbar arteries originate from and how many of them are there?
4 pairs branches of the abdominal aorta
57
Where do inferior epigastric arteries branch from and what canal do they enter?
branch of external iliac on the medial side of the deep inguinal ring enter the rectus sheath and ascend behind rectus adbominis
58
What are the superifical epigastric arteries a branch of?
femoral artery
59
What are the superifical circumflex iliac arteries a branch from?
femoral artery
60
What are deep circumflex arteries a branch of? And how does it run?
external iliac artery runs laterally, parallel to the inguinal ligament
61
Where do the veins of the posterior abdominal wall radiate from?
umbilicus
62
What veins can drain into the saphenous vein rather than the femoral?
superifical epigastric and superifical circumflex iliac
63
What connects the venous systen through the umbilicus to the portal veuins of the liver?
paraumbilical veins
64
Anterior lymph drainage above the umbilicus?
anterior axillary
65
Anterior lymph drainage below the umbilicus
superifical inguinal
66
posterior lymph drainage above iliac crests
posterior axillary lymph nodes
67
posterior lymph drainage below iliac crests
superifial inguinal lymph nodes
68
deep lymph drainge
lymph from the deep abdominal wall is drained by vessels alongside the epigastric vessels superior = parasternal ⇒ mediastinal inferior = external iliac ⇒ para-aortic
69

MD3002 - GI Anatomy (11 decks)

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