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MD3002 - GI Anatomy > Peritoneal Cavity > Flashcards

Peritoneal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

thin serous membrane

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2
Q

What does pariteal peritoneum line?

A

walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

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3
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum line?

A

viscera (organs)

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4
Q

What is the space between the pariteal and visceral peritoneum called?

A

peritoneal cavity

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5
Q

Describe the peritoneal cavity in males

A

completely closed

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6
Q

Describe the peritoneal cavity in females

A

there is potential indirect communication with the exterior

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7
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity divided into?

A

greater and lesser sacs

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8
Q

What does the peritoneal cavity secrete?

A

small amount of serous fluid known as peritoneal fluid

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9
Q

What is the function of peritoneal fluid?

A

lubricates the surfaces of the peritoneum to allow distension and free movement beyween the viscera (organs)

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10
Q

what are the three main structures formed by the peritoneum?

A
  • omenta (greater and lesser)
  • Mesenteries
  • Ligaments (peritoneal folds)
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11
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity and what is it divided into?

A

biggest cavity in the body

  • greater sac
  • lesser sac
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12
Q

What is the greater sac?

A

main compartment extending from the diaphragm into the pelvis

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13
Q

What is the lesser sac?

A

lies posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum but extends slightly into the greater omentum

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14
Q
A

red = greater sac

blue = lesser sac

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15
Q

What are the main properties of the peritoneal cavity?

A
  • can be used for peritoneal dialysis and fluid administration
  • spread of infections, cells or bleeding
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16
Q

Where is the lesser sac located?

A

posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum

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17
Q

How does the lesser sac communicate with the greater sac?

A

via epiploic foramen

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18
Q

Describe Pringle’s manouvre

A

During surgery the hepatic artery proper and portal vein can be compressed with fingers/haemostat to control bleefing

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19
Q

During surgery how can the lesser sac be approached?

A

via the epiploic foramen

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20
Q

Give 2 other names for the epiploic foramen

A
  • omental foramen
  • foramen of winslow
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21
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the epiploic foramen

A
  • free border of lesser omentum, with the common bile duct
  • hepatic artery
  • portal vein
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22
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the epiploic foramen

A

inferior vena cava

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23
Q

What is the superior boundary of the epiploic foramen

A

caudate process of caudate love of liver

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24
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the epiploic foramen

A

first part of duodenum

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25
Q

Where is the lesser ometum derived from?

A

ventral mesentary

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26
Q

Where does the lesser omentum pass from?

A

lesser curvature of the stomach to the 1st part of duodenum to the inferior border of the liver

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27
Q

What can the lesser omentum be subdivided into?

A

hepatogastic and hepatoduodenal ligaments

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28
Q
A

blue = hepatogastic

red = hepatoduodenal

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29
Q

What is the free edge of the lesser omentum?

A

hepatoduodenal ligamenent

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30
Q

What does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain?

A

portal triad

  • hepatic portal vein
  • hepatic artery proper
  • common bile duct
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31
Q

Where is the greater omentum derived from?

A

dorsal mesentery

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32
Q

What is the greater omentum attached to?

A

greater curvature of the stomach and 1st part of the duodenum

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33
Q

How does the greater omentum hang?

A

like an apron anterior to the small intestine

34
Q

What does the greater omentum consist of?

A

a double layer of visceral peritoneum folded upon itself

35
Q

What does the greater omentum overlie?

A

transverse colon and much of the small intestine

36
Q

What does the greater omentum contain?

A

fat and gastro-epiploic arteries and veins

37
Q
A

Greater omentum

38
Q

What is mesentery?

A

tissue formed by a double layer of visceral peritoneum

39
Q

What is the function of mesentery?

A

attach the abdominal organs to the posterior abdominal wall

40
Q

What is mesentery derived from?

A

dorsal mesentery

41
Q

What does mesentery act as conduits for?

A

blood vessels, nerves and lymohatics

42
Q

What is ‘the mesentery’?

A

a fan-shaped double-layered fold of vsiceral peritoneum cinnbecting the jejunum to the posterior abdominal wall

43
Q

Where does ‘the mesentery run’?

A

Its base starts just left of L2 and passes obliquely downwards to the right ending just above the right sacroiliac joint

44
Q

How long is ‘the mesentery’?

A

approximately 20cm

45
Q

What does ‘the mesentery’ cross?

A

crosses the 3rd part of the duodenum, the aorta & inferior vena cava, the right gonadal vessels & right ureter

46
Q

What is contained within ‘the mesentery’?

A

are branches of the superior mesenteric vessels, nerves & lymphatics

47
Q
A

the mesentery

48
Q

What is the sigmoid mesocolon?

A

Double-layered fold of visceral peritoneum connecting the sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall

49
Q

Where is the root of the signmoid mesocolon?

A

left iliac fossa

50
Q

Where does the sigmoid mesocolon cross?

A
  • bifurcation of the left common iliac vessels
  • Left ureter
51
Q

What does the sigmoid mesocolon transmit?

A

sigmoid branches of the inferior mesenteric vessels along with nerves and lymphatics

52
Q
A

sigmoid mesocolon

53
Q

What is the function of the transverse mesocolon?

A

Suspends the transverse colon from the posterior abdominal wall

54
Q

Where is the root of the transverse mesocolon?

A

Its root is just inferior to the pancreas

55
Q

What is carried by the transverse mesocolon

A

branches of the middle colic vessels

56
Q

What does the transverse mesocolon divide the peritoneal cavity (greater sac) into?

A

SUPRACOLIC & INFRACOLIC COMPARTMENTS

57
Q
A

transverse mesocolon

58
Q

What does the supracolic compartment contain?

A

contains duodenum, liver, gallbladder, stomach & spleen

59
Q

What does the infracolic compartment contain?

A

contains duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending & descending colon

60
Q

What do peritoneal reflections create?

A

important recesses, spaces and gutters

61
Q

Describe the communication between the supracolic and infracolic compartments?

A

free communication

62
Q

What are paracolic gutters?

A

are grooves between the lateral aspect of the ascending or descending colon and the posterolateral abdominal wall

sites for collection and movement of peritoneal fluid

63
Q

Give two alternatuve names for the hepatorenal recess

A

right posterior subhepatic space

Morison’s pouch

64
Q

What is the hepatorenal recess?

A

Part of the peritoneal cavity on the right side between the liver and the right kidney and right suprarenal gland.

65
Q

What is the hepatorenal recess continuous with anteriorly?

A

subphrenic

66
Q

What are the deepest parts of the pelvic cavity?

A

Rectovesical and rectouterine pouches

67
Q

What separates the rectum from the urinary bladder in males?

A

Rectovesical pouch

68
Q

What separates tge rectum from the uterus in females?

A

Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)

69
Q

What separates the urinary bladder from the uterus in females?

A

Vesicouterine pouch

70
Q

What is a peritoneal fold?

A

reflection of the peritoneum

71
Q

What are peritoneal folds often formed by?

A

peritoneum that covers blood vessels, ducts or obliterated foetal vessels

72
Q

What are the peritoneal folds on the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal walls

A
  • The median umbilical fold is the remnant of the urachus that extends from the urinary bladder to the umbilicus
  • The 2 medial umbilical folds overlie remnants of the umbilical arteries
  • The 2 lateral umbilical folds are raised by the inferior epigastric arteries
73
Q

What are peritoneal ligaments?

A

two-layered folds of peritoneum that connect 2 organs together

74
Q

What are the 3 main recesses between the peritoneal folds?

A
  • Supravesical fossa
  • Medial umbilical fossa
  • Lateral umbilical fossa
75
Q

Describe the meaning of intraperitoneal

A

− almost totally covered with visceral peritoneum

− suspended by a mesentery

76
Q

Describe the retroperitoneal

A

− lie behind or outside the peritoneum

− only partially covered with visceral peritoneum

77
Q

Describe secondary retroperitoneal

A

− initially intraperitoneal but migrate retroperitoneally during embryogenesis & lose their mesentery

78
Q
A

red = retroperitoneal

yellow = intraperitoneal

organge = secondarily retroperitoneal

79
Q

What are the primary retroperitoneal organs?

A
  • Circulatory
    • Abdominal aorta, Inferior vena cava
  • Digestive
    • Oesophagus (final part), Rectum (middle 1/3 with lower 1/3 totally
  • Urinary
    • Suprarenal (adrenal) glands, Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder
80
Q

What are the secondary retroperitoneal organs?

A
  • Pancreas (except its tail)
  • Duodenum (except first part)
  • Ascending and descending colon
81
Q

Describe the parietal peritoneum nerve supply

A
  • The peritoneum lining the anterior abdominal wall is supplied by the same nerves that supply the overlying skin − T7-L1
  • Diaphragmatic peritoneum is supplied by the phrenic nerves − C3-5
  • Pelvic parietal peritoneum is mainly supplied by the obturator nerves − L2-4
  • The parietal peritoneum is sensitive to pain (well-localised), temperature, touch & pressure
82
Q

Describe the visceral peritoneum nerve supply?

A
  • It is supplied by autonomic afferent nerves that also supply the viscera
  • The visceral peritoneum is sensitive only to stretch & tearing (which causes diffuse & poorly localised pain) but not to touch, pressure or temperature
  • The brain cannot localise visceral pain & this is often referred to a dermatome

MD3002 - GI Anatomy (11 decks)

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