posterior abdomen exam 3 anatomy Flashcards
what surrounds the kidneys?
- paranephric fat
- renal fascia
- perinephric fat
what vertebral levels are the kidneys at?
T12-L3
what makes up the renal hilum?
renal vein
renal artery
renal pelvis
what is the pathway if urine towards the ureter?
- renal papillae
- minor calices
- major calices
- renal pelvis
anomalous kidneys
pelvic and horseshoe kidney
lymphatics of the kidney/adrenal glands
lumbar lymph nodes
PS innervation of the kidney
- pregang cb=brainstem
- pregang fibers=vagus
- post gang cb and fibers=wall of kidney
sympathetic kidney innervation
- pregang cb=lateral horn
- pregang fibers= ventral root> spinal nerve> ventral ramus>white ramus communicans>symp trunk> thoracic splanc nerve
- postgang cb and fibers=renal ganglion
sympathetic adrenal innervation
- pregang cb=lateral horn
- pregang fibers=ventral root > spinal nerve> ventral ramus > white ramus communicans > symp trunk > thoracic splanc nerve
- no synapse until signal gets to adrenal gland itself
thoracic splanc nerve
what does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into?
the common iliac arteries
paired arterial branches of posterior abdominal wall
- middle suprarenal arteries
- renal arteries
- inferior suprarenal arteries
- gonadal
- infeiror phrenic
~diaphragm
~superior suprarenal arteries - subcostal
- lumbar
blood supply of the adrenal glands
- superior suprarenal arteries (via inf phrenic artery)
- middle suprarenal arteries (via aorta)
- inferior suprarenal arteries (via renal artery)
abdominal aortic aneurysm
- An enlargement of the aorta, the main blood vessel that delivers blood to the body, at the level of the abdomen.
- 99% chance of death
the venous tributaries are parallel to aortic branches except…
left gonadal vein and hepatic vein
what do the hepatic veins do?
drain back clean blood to the vena cava
origin action and insertion of psoas minor
- origin=lateral T12 and L1 vertebral bodies and IV discs
- insertion=pectineal line of pelvic brim and iliopubic eminence
- action=weak flexion of the lumbar vertebral column
origin action and insertion of psoas major
- origin=lateral surface T12 & L1-5 vertebral bodies and IV discs; also transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
- action =flexion of thigh at hip joint
- insertion=lesser trochanter of femur
origina action and insertion of iliacus
- origin=upper 2/3 iliac fossa, anterior sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligament, upper lateral surface of sacrum
- action=flexion of thigh at hip joint
- insertion=lesser trochanter of femur
origin action insertion quadratus lumborum
- origin=medial half of posterior iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
- action=depress and stabilize 12th rib during respiration and lateral flexion of vertebral column
- insertion=transverse processes of L1-L4 vertebrae and medial half of 12th rib
what forms the lumbar plexus?
ventral rami of the upper four lumbar nerves
*first lumbar nerve receives contribution from subcostal nerve
*4th lumbar nerve gives contribution to the lumbosacral trunk
nerves of the lumbar plexus (L1-L4) and the subcostal
- subcostal
- iliohypogastric
- ilioguinal
- genitofemoral
- lateral cutaneous n thigh
- femoral nerve
- obturator nerve
subcostal nerve
- t 12
- sensory and sympathetic innervation to t12 dermatome
- motor innervation to IO/EO, and transversus abdominis
iliohypogastric nerve
- L1
- sensory and symp to L1 dermatome
- motor to IO and transversus abdominis
ilioguinal nerve
- L1
- L1 ventral rami
- sensory to inferior medial inguinal ligament, genatalia
- motor to IO and transversus abdomini
genitofemoral nerve
- L1 and L2 ventral rami
- sensory to skin of scrotum, mons pubis, and labia majora
- motor innervation to cremaster muscle
lateral cutaneous n. thigh
- L2 and L3 ventral rami
- sensory to anterior,lateral, and slight posterior aspect of thigh
femoral nerve
- L2, L3, L4 ventral rami
- sensory to anterior medial skin of thigh and elg
- motor to sartorius, pectineus, and quadriceps muscles
obturator nerve
- L2, L3, L4 ventral rami
- sensory to medial thigh
- motor to gracilism adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, adductor magnus, obturator externus
attachments of the diaphragm
- xiphoid process
- costal margin
- ribs 11-12
- lumbar vertebrae
- right/left crura
openings of the diaphragm
- caval IVC opening T8
- esophageal hiatus T10
- aortic hiatus T12
