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Q1 > anterior abdominal exam 3 anatomy > Flashcards

anterior abdominal exam 3 anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the landmarks of the ilium?

A

asis and iliac crests

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2
Q

what vertebral level is iliac crest?

A

L4/L5
*transumbilical plan crosses iliac crest at L4

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3
Q

name the dermatome and vertebral level of the umbilicus?

A

dermatome- T10
vertebral- L3/4

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4
Q

abdominal fascia superficial to deep

A

-camper fascia- SF fatty layer
-scarpa fascia-deep membranous layer
-investing (deep) fascia
-transversalis fascia
-peritoneum *not fascia just fyi

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5
Q

what fascia limits the spread of abdominal wall infection inferiorly into the thigh?

A

scarpa fascia

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6
Q

functions of the abdominal muscles

A

-maintain posture, move torso
-protect abdominal organs
-active during forced expiration
-increase intra-abdominal pressure

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7
Q

list the abdominal muscles

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis

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8
Q

functions of external oblique

A

-pull chest inferior
-compress abdominal cavity
-ipsilateral side= bending
-contralateral side= rotation

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9
Q

functions of internal oblique

A

-flexion of trunk
-compress abdominal cavity
-lateral trunk rotation
-lateral trunk flexion

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10
Q

functions of transversus abdominis

A

-support abdominal wall
-compress abdominal cavity
-ipsilateral bending
-ipsilateral rotation

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11
Q

what is the rectus sheath formed by?

A

aponeuroses of external and internal obliques and transversus abdominis

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12
Q

linea alba

A

linear line formed by fibers of rectus sheath fusing at midline

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13
Q

rectus sheath superior to acruate line

A

aponeurosis of internal oblique splits to enclose rectus abdominis

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14
Q

rectus sheath inferior to acruate line

A
  • 3 aponeurosis pass anteiror to rectus abdominis
  • only transversalis fascia posterior to rectus abdominis
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15
Q

do you think the anterior abdomen is more stable above or below the accruate line?

A

above

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16
Q

what is the scrotum an extension of?

A

anterior abdominal wall

*initially develops in posterior abdominal wall tho

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17
Q

skin, dartos fascia, and dartos muscle make up what structure?

A

scrotum

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18
Q

what fascial layer is the dartos fascia continuous with?

A

scarpa layer of superficial fascia

19
Q

dartos muscle

function and what kind of muscle

A
  • contracts in response to cold
  • made of smooth muscle fibers
20
Q

what structure is homologous to the scrotum but for females? and what is it an extension of?

A
  • labia majora
  • extension of anterior abdominal wall
21
Q

nerves of the abdominal wall

know what vertebral level associated with each

A

VENTRAL RAMI
1. intercostal nerves (T7-T11)
2. subcostal nerves (T12)
3. iliohypograstric and ilioguinal nerves (L1)

intercostal between ribs, t12 floating rib

22
Q

what dermatomes make up abdominal wall?

A

T7-L1

23
Q

what artery does the inferior epigastric artery directly branch from?

A

external iliac artery

24
Q

what artery does the superficial epigastric artery branch from?

A

femoral artery

25
Q

what artery does the superior epigastric artery branch from?

A

internal thoracic artery

26
Q

what are the arteries of the abdominal wall?

A
  1. posterior intercostal/subcostal
  2. superior epigastric
  3. inferior epigastric
  4. superficial epigastric
27
Q

what fascial layer will the superficial veins and arteries travel in?

A

camper fascia

portal system runs through here as well

28
Q

caval-caval (venous anastomoses)

A
  • superior epigastric veins= drain to SVC
  • inferior epigastric veins= drain to IVC
29
Q

portal-caval (venous anastomoses)

A
  • paraumbilical veins= portal system to kidneys
  • superficial epigatric veins= to IVC
30
Q

what is caput medusae and what can cause it?

A
  • it is distension of paraumbilical and superficial epigastric veins.
  • can be caused by cirrhosis of liver, tumor or stenosis blocking blood flow to liver
31
Q

SF lymphatic drainage of the liver

A
  1. axillary nodes
  2. superficial inguinal nodes

these drain to deeper veins to get back to R or L venous angle

32
Q

what landmarks are on either side of the inguinal ligament?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

33
Q

what part of the inguinal canal is an important landmark and where is it relative to the inferior epigastric vessels?

A
  • deep inguinal ring
  • lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
34
Q

what can you check for by putting your finger in the superficial inguinal ring?

this is superolateral to pubic tubercle

A

you can check for hernia or testicular torsions

35
Q

ontogeny of inguinal canal-male

A
  • gubernaculum= connects testis to scrotum
  • testes descend= through inguinal canal
  • testes drag vessels, nerves, and ductus deferens through inguinal canal to form spermatic chord
36
Q

layers of male inguinal canal superficial to deep

A

aponeurosis
EO
IO
transversus abdominis
testes
transversalis fascia

37
Q

ontogeny of the inguinal canal- female

A
  • ovaries develop in posterior abdominal wall and descend
  • gubernaculum deritvatives= ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus
38
Q

sensory and motor innervation of the inguinal canal

for male and female

A
  • ilioguinal nerve-L1
    sensory= inguinal region, scrotum, labia majora
  • genitofemoral nerve (genital branch)- L1,L2
    sensory=inguinal region, scrotum, labia majora
    motor=cremaster muscle
39
Q

what can cause the cremaster reflex to be absent?

A
  • testicular torsion
  • upper and lower motor neuron disorders
  • spinal injury L1-L2
  • can also be cut during hernia repair
40
Q

afferent and efferent limb of the cremaster reflex

A

afferent- femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve and ilioinguinal nerve
efferent- genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

41
Q

indirect (congenital) inguinal hernias

A
  • most common type
  • enters deep inguinal ring
  • lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
  • enclosed in fascial coverings
  • can end up in scrotum
42
Q

what are the layers of fascia that cover an indirect inguinal hernia

A
  • external spermatic fascia
  • cremaster muscle/fascia
  • internal spermatic fascia
43
Q

direct (acquired) inguinal hernias

A

-inguinal triangle (area of weakness): rectus abdominis, inferior epigastric vessels, inguinal ligament
-pushes into peritoneum and transversalis fascia
-medial to inferior epigastric vessels
-enters posterior wall, inguinal canal
-rarely enters scrotum

Q1 (15 decks)

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