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Q1 > abdominal contents exam 3 anatomy > Flashcards

abdominal contents exam 3 anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what does parietal peritoneum line?

A
  • lines internal aspect of abdominopelvic wall
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2
Q

somatic sensory innervation of parietal peritoneum

A

nerves of abdominal wall (localized pain)

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3
Q

what does visceral peritoneum do?

A

invests the organs

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4
Q

visceral and somatic sensory of the visceral peritoneum

A
  • visceral- stretch, ischemia
  • somatic sensory- doesnt have
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5
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity and what does it contain?

A
  • potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum
  • contains thin layer of fluid NO ORGANS
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6
Q

What is ascites?

A

collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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7
Q

in which sex is the peritoneal cavity open and which is it closed?

A

females-open
males-closed

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8
Q

what is the retroperitoneal space and what does it contain?

A
  • space between parietal peritoneum and muscles of posterior abdominal wall
  • contains= fat, vessels, some organs
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9
Q

what are primarily retorperitoneal organs?

A

organs that lie deep to the peritoneum in the retroperitoneal space

never had messentary to begin with

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10
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A

completely covered by the visceral peritoneum and are mobile (stomach)

maintain messentery

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11
Q

secondarily retroperitoneal organs

A
  • organs pressed against the posterior body wall
  • losing mobility

lose messentery so lose mobility

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12
Q

waht are messenteries?

A
  • two layers of peritoneum
  • suspend organs
  • nerves/vessel travel between layers
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13
Q

what are two messenteries associated with the stomach?

A

greater and lesser omentum

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14
Q

function of the greater omentum

A

forms adhesions to wall off inflamed organs in order to protect adjacent viscera

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15
Q

what ligaments make up the lesser omentum?

A
  • hepatogastric ligament
  • hepatoduodenal ligament

-in the hepatoduodenal ligament is the portal triad

portal triad made up of portal vein, proper hepatic artery, bile duct

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16
Q

what makes up the portal triad?

A
  1. portal vein
  2. proper hepatic artery
  3. bile duct
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17
Q

what are the greater and lesser sacs and their function

A

sacs formed by the greater and lesser omentume where fluid accumulates to

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18
Q

what is the omental (epiploic) foramen?

A

opening deep to the hepatoduodenal ligament that serves as communication between the greater and lesser sac

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19
Q

derivates of the foregut

A

esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, gallbkadder, pancreas

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20
Q

blood supply, venous drainage, and lymphatics of the foregut

A
  • blood supply=celiac trunk
  • venous drainage=gastric veins, splenic vein
  • lymphatics=celiac lymph nodes
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21
Q

primarily retroperitoneal organs

A

esophagus, rectum, kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands

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22
Q

secondarily retroperitoneal organs

examples

A
  • 2nd and 3rd part and 4th of duodenum
  • ascending colon
  • descending colon
  • pancreas
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23
Q

describe the esophageal arterial supply

A

the top part is from the thoracic aorta but the abdominal section is supplied by the abdominal aorta

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24
Q

what kind of hernias can happen in the esophagus?

A

hiatal hernias

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25
Q

what abdominal plane should the pyloric sphincter be located at?

A

transpyloric plane (L1)

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26
Q

what part of the duodenum is in the foregut?

A

superior and descending part

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27
Q

what part of the duodenum is in the midgut?

A

horizontal and ascending part

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28
Q

what are the 3 parts of the pancreas?

A

head, body, tail

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29
Q

what is enlargement of the liver called?

A

hepatomegaly?

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30
Q

the liver is deep to what ribs?

A

ribs 7-11

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31
Q

what does the falciform ligament do?

A

divides liver into R/L

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32
Q

how many segments of the liver are there?

A

8

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33
Q

what do hepatic veins carry and where?

A

they carry detoxed blood back to IVC

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34
Q

what is the function of hepatocytes?

these are in the liver

A

produce bile and detox blood

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35
Q

flow of blood and bile in the liver

A
  • deoxygenated, toxic rich blood from GI tract enters liver into the interlobular portal triad
  • blood leaves triad to go to central vein which transports clean blood to hepatic vein
  • now discussing bile: bile flowing from hepatocytes goes to bile canaliculi, to interlobular biliary ducts, and then to the bile portal triad in the extrahepatic portal triad
36
Q

what happens when galstones get stuck in the pancreatic ducts?

A

pancreatitis

37
Q

when the pancreatic and bile ducts come together where do they dump their contents into?

A

2nd part of the duodenum

38
Q

what drains the segments of the right liver lobe?

A

right hepatic duct; into bile duct

39
Q

what is the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

A

a small reservoir where your common bile duct and pancreatic duct meet. It collects bile and pancreatic juices; this drains through the major duodenal papilla opening

*in descending 2nd part of duodenum

40
Q

what is the accesory pancreatic duct and minor duodenal papilla?

A

the main drainage duct of the dorsal pancreatic bud in the embryo, entering the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla (MIP).

41
Q

what organ do red blood cells go to die and what is it called when it is enlarged?

A

spleen; splenomegaly

42
Q

where do vessels and nerves enter/exit the spleen?

A

hilum

not that lots of blood here so if ruptured pt can bleed out

43
Q

what are the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta?

A
  • celiac trunk T12
  • superior messenteric artery L1
  • inferior messenteric artery L3
44
Q

celiac trunk branches

A

* common hepatic artery
r/l hepatic
proper hepatic (part of portal triad too)
gastroduodenal
right gastric
right gastro-omental
* left gastric artery
esophageal
* splenic artery
left gastro-omental
short gastric

45
Q

list the pancreaticoduodenal arteries
*branches of superior messenteric artery

A
  • anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
  • anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arties
46
Q

caval (systemic) system

A
  • parallel to the paired aortic branches (drain contents of retroperitoneal space)
  • to inferior vena cava
  • to heart
47
Q

what type of blood travels in the portal system?

A

deoxygenated, nutrient and toxin rich

48
Q

describe the actions of the portal system

where blood goes and what happens to it

A
  • blood from abdominal organs to portal vein to liver
  • liver then detoxifies blood and then goes to hepatic veins to IVC to right atrium
49
Q

what are the 3 main tributaries of the portal system?

A
  1. splenic vein
  2. inferior mesenteric vein
  3. superior mesenteric vein
50
Q

what is portal caval anastomoses and name them

A
  • it is the the collateral communication between the portal and the systemic venous system.
  • umbilicus
  • distal esophagus
  • colon
  • rectum/anus
51
Q

what veins make up the portal system in the foregut

A

-portal vein
~right gastric
~left gastric
~splenic
-short gastric
-left gastro-omental
~SM vein
-right gastro-omental

52
Q

fetal circulation in the abdomen

A
  • umbilical vein
  • ductus venosus
  • umbilical arteries
53
Q

what is the adult remnant of the umbilical vein?

A

round ligament of the liver

located in inferior margin of falciform ligament

54
Q

what is the adult remnant of the ductus venosus?

A

ligamentum venosum

55
Q

what fetal bypass connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?

A

ductus arteriosis

56
Q

1.

adult remnants of the umbilical arteries

A

medial umbilical ligaments

57
Q

what is the chyle cistern?

A

the abdominal origin of the thoracic duct, and it receives the bilateral lumbar lymphatic trunks

located in FOREGUT

58
Q

parasympathetic foregut innervation

A
  • function= stimulates peristalsus, secretion
  • vagus nerve
  • pregang cb in brain
  • pregang fibers-vagus nerve
  • postgang cb and fibers= walls of foregut organs
59
Q

sympathetic foregut innervation

A
  • function= inhibits peristalsis, constricts blood vessels
  • greater thoracic splanchnic nerve
  1. lateral horn
  2. ventral root > spinal nerve > ventral ramus > white ramus communicans > symp trunk > greater thoracic splanchnic nerve
    3.** celiac ganglion**= post gang
60
Q

foregut visceral pain

A
  • follow sympathetic pathway back to spinal cord
  • reffered pain is right under nipple area
61
Q

mid gut derivatives

A

distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 or transverse colon

62
Q

blood supply, venous drainage, and lymphatics of mid gut

A
  1. superior messenteric artery
  2. superior messenteric vein
  3. superior messenteric lymph nodes
63
Q

dertivatives of the hind gut

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

64
Q

blood supply, venous drainage, and lymphatics of hindgut

A
  1. inferior messenteric artery
  2. inferior messenteric vein
  3. inferior messenteric lymph nodes
65
Q

what are the parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

66
Q

what emerges superior to 3rd part of duodenum?

A

superior messenteric vessels

67
Q

what marks the duodenojejunal junction and where is it located?

A

it is marked by the duodenojejunal flexure and it is located in the ascending (4th) part of the duodenum

flexure supported by the suspensory muscle of the duodenum

68
Q

what is the function of the suspensory ligament of the duodenum?

A
  • also called the ligament of treitz
  • it supports the duodenojejunal flexure
  • surgical landmark
69
Q

jejunum vs ileum

A
  • jejunum= prominent plicae circulares
  • ileum= sparse/absent plicae circulares; lymphoid nodules (peyers patches)
70
Q

peyers patches

A

the numerous areas of lymphoid tissue in the wall of the ileum which are involved in the development of immunity to antigens present there.

71
Q

ileal (Meckel’s) diverticulum

A

small outpouching extending from the wall of the intestine and located in the lower portion of the small intestine. The pouch is a remnant of tissue from the embryonic development of the digestive system.

72
Q

what can present as appendicitis but not be related to the appendix?

A

inflammation of ileal (meckels) diverticulum

73
Q

what part of large intestine is in mid gut and which part is in hindgut?

A

prox 2/3 is mid gut and distal 1/3 is hindgut

74
Q

what structures are located on large intestine?

A
  1. teniae coli
  2. haustra
  3. omental appendices
75
Q

what valve is on the cecum and what is the function?

A

ileocecal valve; Its function is to allow digested food materials to pass from the small intestine into your large intestine

76
Q

where is the appendix usually located and what is it behind?

identification point

A
  • mcburneys point
  • retrocecal
77
Q

where do the teniae coli converge?

A

at the appendix

78
Q

what are the paracolic gutters?

there is a Right and Left

A
  • areas where fluid can accumulate when laying supine
  • allows fluid to move freely throughout abdomen
  • The paracolic gutters are spaces between the colon and abdominal wall. They allow infectious fluid to travel out of the organs in the gut.
79
Q

superior messenteric artery branches in the MIDGUT

A
  1. A/P superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
  2. ileal ateries
  3. jejunal arteries
  4. colic arteries
    -middle, right, ileocolic
    ~appendicular
80
Q

compare the jejunum and ileal arterial branches of the superior messenteric artery

A
  • jejunum-few arcade and long straight arteries
  • ileal-mulitple arcades and short straight arteries
81
Q

what forms the marginal artery and what is its significance?

A
  • SMA and IMA > colic arteries > marginal artery
  • this connects vasculature of the midgut and hindgut
82
Q

arteries of the hindgut

A

IMA *arises from abdominal aorta

left colic
sigmoid
superior rectal

83
Q

PS midgut innervation

A
  • pregang cb=brainstem
  • pregang fibers=vagus nerves
  • postgang cb and fibers=walls of midgut organs
84
Q

PS hindgut innervation

A
  • pregang cb=s2-s4; intermediate gray matter
  • pregang fibers= ventral root, spinal nerve, ventral ramus, pelvic splanchnic nerves)
  • postgang cb and fibers=walls of hindgut organs

PELVIC SPLANCHNIC HERE (thoracic splanc in sympathetic)

85
Q

midgut sympathetic innervation

A
  • pregang cb= lateral horn
  • pregang fibers= ventral root>spinal nerve> ventral ramus> white ramus communicans> symp trunk>thoracic splanc
  • postgang cb and fibers=celiac or superior messenteric ganglion

THORACIC SPLANC NERVE

86
Q

hindgut sympathetic innervation

A
  • pregang cb=lateral horn
  • pregang fibers=ventral root>spinal nerve> ventral ramus>white ramus communicans>symp trunk> lumbar splanc nerve
  • postgang cb and fibers=inferior messenteric ganglion

LUMBAR SPLANC NERVE

Q1 (15 decks)

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