physio exam 1 Flashcards
what is the organization of the body
elements, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
what are the basic functions of cells?
obtain food, perform chemical reactions, eliminate waste, synthesize componenets, control exchange of materials, move materials around, respond to environemtn, reprodcution
what are the 4 types of tissues
muscle, epithelial, nervous, and connective
name an examples of different types of tissue working together for a complex function
muscle tissue working with connective tissue resulting in movement
describe muscle tissue
excitable tissues that consists of cells for contracting. 3 types are smooth, skeletal, and cardiac
what are epithelial cells specialized in ?
exchange between cell and environment
*this level of exchange depends on the location of the tissue in the body
what kind of tissue are glands?
epithelial tissue
where is nervous tissue found?
brain, spinal chord, nerves, and sensory organs
what do organs consist of?
two or more types of primary tissue
dynamic steady state
describes the idea of our body’s state constantly changing
what is the mechanisms by which homeostasis occurs?
cells
what must be maintained in the internal environment for optimal cell function
- oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions
2.concentrations of glucose and other metabolites - osmotic pressure
- concentrations of hydrogen, potassium, calcium, and sodium
internal vs external envioronments
internal=fluid surround cells (intracellular and extracellular fluikd)
external= environment that surrounds the organ
what is ECF made up of?
plasma and interstitial fluid
what two stages is ECF transported in?
- circulatory systems
- movement of fluid between blood capillaries and cells
name the two homeostatic control systems
extrinsic and intrinsic
extrinsic initiated outside the organ system
intrinsic is local, inherit to the organ
example of intrinsic homeostatic control systems
falling o2 in muscles directly triggers dilation of loval blood vessels
example of extrinsic homeostatic control system
increase in blood co2 triggers neural response to respiratory system, increase in respiration rate
give an example of a negative feedback loop
you sweat alot so your body increases sodium until regulatory mechanism stops it
give an example of feed forward control system
digestion (the 1st phase)
is steady state always an equal state?
no
describe why the plasma membrane is made of ampipathic molecules
one hydrophobic end and one hydrophilic end
fatty acid tail= hydrophobic
phosphate group=hydrophilic
glycoproteins
membrane proteins have carbohydrates attached on outer surface of plasma membrane only
what does cholesterol do in the plasma membrane and list exaples
contributes to fluidity and stability of cell membrane
steroids, cortisol