Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Exposure to a traumatic event. Re-experiencing symptoms: flashbacks, nightmares. Avoidance of reminders of the trauma. Hyperarousal symptoms: irritability, insomnia, hypervigilance.
What are the key physical examination findings in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Often normal physical exam. Possible signs of autonomic hyperarousal (e.g., tachycardia). Signs of co-occurring conditions (e.g., depression, substance use).
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Clinical diagnosis based on history and symptoms. Screening tools: PCL-5 (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5). Rule out other psychiatric or medical conditions.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Psychoeducation and support groups.
What are the pharmacological management options for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
SSRIs (e.g., sertraline, paroxetine). SNRIs (e.g., venlafaxine). Prazosin for nightmares. Antipsychotics or mood stabilizers for severe symptoms.
What are the red flags to look for in post-traumatic stress disorder patients?
Suicidal ideation or self-harm. Severe functional impairment. Co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Substance abuse.
When should a patient with post-traumatic stress disorder be referred to a specialist?
Treatment-resistant PTSD. Severe or complex cases. Co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Need for specialized therapeutic interventions.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to post-traumatic stress disorder?
Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Overactivation of the amygdala. Altered brain function in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
