Anxiety

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with anxiety disorders in adults?

Answer 1

Excessive worry or fear. Physical symptoms: palpitations, sweating, trembling. Avoidance of anxiety-provoking situations. Sleep disturbances.

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in anxiety disorders in adults?

Answer 2

Often normal physical exam. Possible signs of autonomic arousal: tachycardia, hypertension, sweating. Muscle tension.

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing anxiety disorders in adults?

Answer 3

Clinical diagnosis based on history and symptoms. Screening tools: GAD-7, HADS. Rule out medical causes (e.g., thyroid dysfunction).

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for anxiety disorders in adults?

Answer 4

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Mindfulness and relaxation techniques. Lifestyle modifications: regular exercise, healthy diet.

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for anxiety disorders in adults?

Answer 5

SSRIs (e.g., sertraline, escitalopram). SNRIs (e.g., venlafaxine). Benzodiazepines for short-term use. Buspirone for generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in anxiety disorder patients?

Answer 6

Severe functional impairment. Suicidal ideation or self-harm. Co-occurring substance abuse. Sudden onset of severe anxiety.

Question 7

When should a patient with anxiety disorders be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

Treatment-resistant anxiety. Severe or complex cases. Co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Need for specialized therapeutic interventions.

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to anxiety disorders?

Answer 8

Dysregulation of neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin, norepinephrine). Overactivation of the amygdala and related brain structures. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to development.