Attention Deficit Disorder Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with attention deficit disorder (ADD/ADHD)?
Inattention: difficulty sustaining attention, forgetfulness. Hyperactivity: fidgeting, inability to stay seated. Impulsivity: interrupting others, impatience. Symptoms present from childhood.
What are the key physical examination findings in attention deficit disorder (ADD/ADHD)?
Often normal physical exam. Possible signs of restlessness or hyperactivity. No specific physical findings.
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing attention deficit disorder (ADD/ADHD)?
Clinical diagnosis based on history and symptoms. ADHD rating scales: ASRS, Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales. Rule out other psychiatric or medical conditions.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for attention deficit disorder (ADD/ADHD)?
Behavioral therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Organizational skills training. Lifestyle modifications: regular exercise, healthy sleep habits.
What are the pharmacological management options for attention deficit disorder (ADD/ADHD)?
Stimulants: methylphenidate, amphetamines. Non-stimulants: atomoxetine, guanfacine. Consideration of comorbid conditions in medication choice.
What are the red flags to look for in ADD/ADHD patients?
Severe functional impairment. Co-occurring psychiatric disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression). Substance abuse. Significant impact on occupational or academic performance.
When should a patient with attention deficit disorder (ADD/ADHD) be referred to a specialist?
Treatment-resistant ADHD. Severe or complex cases. Co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Need for specialized therapeutic interventions.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to attention deficit disorder (ADD/ADHD)?
Dysregulation of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. Impaired functioning of the prefrontal cortex. Genetic factors contribute to development.
