Autism Spectrum Disorder Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Delayed speech and language development. Difficulty with social interactions. Repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Sensory sensitivities.
What are the key physical examination findings in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Often normal physical exam. Possible signs of repetitive behaviors (e.g., hand flapping). No specific physical findings.
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Clinical diagnosis based on history and symptoms. Developmental assessments. Screening tools: ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule), ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised).
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Behavioral interventions: Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). Speech and occupational therapy. Social skills training.
What are the pharmacological management options for autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Medications to manage specific symptoms: antipsychotics (e.g., risperidone) for irritability. Stimulants for attention deficits. SSRIs for anxiety or repetitive behaviors.
What are the red flags to look for in autistic spectrum disorder patients?
Severe behavioral problems. Co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Significant regression in skills. Nonverbal or minimally verbal at an older age.
When should a patient with autistic spectrum disorder be referred to a specialist?
Diagnostic evaluation by a developmental pediatrician or psychologist. Severe or complex cases. Need for specialized interventions. Co-occurring psychiatric or medical conditions.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to autistic spectrum disorder?
Altered brain development and connectivity. Genetic factors play a significant role. Environmental factors may contribute.
