Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)?
History of prenatal alcohol exposure. Developmental delays. Learning disabilities. Behavioral problems: hyperactivity, impulsivity.
What are the key physical examination findings in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)?
Facial dysmorphisms: smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, short palpebral fissures. Growth deficiencies. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)?
Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical findings. Neuropsychological assessments. Developmental screening tools.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)?
Early intervention programs. Special education services. Behavioral therapy and counseling.
What are the pharmacological management options for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)?
Medications to manage specific symptoms: stimulants for ADHD. Antidepressants for mood disorders. Antipsychotics for severe behavioral problems.
What are the red flags to look for in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder patients?
Severe behavioral problems. Significant learning disabilities. Co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Growth failure despite adequate nutrition.
When should a patient with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder be referred to a specialist?
Diagnostic evaluation by a developmental pediatrician or psychologist. Severe or complex cases. Need for specialized interventions. Co-occurring psychiatric or medical conditions.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder?
Prenatal alcohol exposure disrupts normal brain development. Leads to structural and functional brain abnormalities. Results in cognitive, behavioral, and physical impairments.
