Post-menopausal health Flashcards
Who is menopause?
Your last menstural period (the point where you stop releasing eggs)
If you have a hysterectomy you go through menopause earlier TRUE/FALSE
TRUE (3-4 years earlier)
What is the average age of menopause?
51
Premature if <40y, Early if <45y, late if >54
Woman are cardio protected before menopause, after menopause it is the same risk as men true/false
true
TRUE/FALSE
FSH & LH are raised with breastfeeding
TRUE
What are vasomotor symptoms caused by?
Constriction and dilation of blood vessels
How long on average do hot flushes last for?
2 years (last 3-5 minutes)
Treatment for menopause
Conservative- Diet, Wt loss, Excersie, Lifestyle, Caffeine
HRT- Oestrogen alone, Oestrogen and progesterone
Non-HRT- Clonidine, SSRIs
What is a common side effect of HRT within the first 3 months of treatment?
Unscheduled vaginal bleeding
What are the benefits of HRT?
Symptomatic relief, psychological
Aches and pains, urogenital system
ALSO Osteoporosis, colorectal cancer, CHD
Risks of HRT
VTE (only if oral)
CVA (no increased risk if start before 60)
Breast Cancer (if Oestrogen+Progesterone)
Gallbladder disease
What can be used to relieve the symptoms of vaginal atrophy?
Vaginal oestrogen
What is needed to diagnose menopause?
WOMEN WHO HAVE NOT HAD A PERIOD FOR AT LEAST 12M AND ARE NOT USING HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION
What is perimenopause diagnosed on the basis of?
Vasomotor symptoms (hot flushes and night sweats) and irregular periods
What is urinary incontinence?
The complaint of involuntary leakage of urine
With stress incontinence what is the most important lifestyle thing to reduce?
Smoking
With OAB what are the most important lifestyle changes?
Reduce alcohol and caffeine
Limiting fluid intake makes incontinence better TRUE/FALSE
FALSE
It worsens incontinence as it reduced your bladder capacity
Mirabegron is used for which type of incontinence?
OAB (as it increased relaxation)
Name an antimuscarinic agent?
Oxybutynin (inhibits involuntary contractions)
When would you add desmopressin in as a treatment for incontinence?
If there was nocturia
How does duloxetine increase sphincter muscle activity?
by serotonin reuptake inhibition and stimulation of a-adrenoreceptors
Prolapse happens in what percentage of parous women?
50%
What is an anterior prolapse called?
Cystocele
What is a middle compartment prolapse called?
Enterocele
What is a posterior compartment prolapse called?
Reterocele
What is a good pessary as an initial trial?
Ring pessary
What are the pelvic floor muscles?
A group of muscles that attach to the pubic bone at the front of the pelvis, go to base of the spine at the back
What may cause the Pelvic floor muscles to become weak>
Childbirth Overweight Constipation/straining to empty bowels Heavy lifting Chronic cough Menopausal change
