Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ADELE-Repro Ramblings > Cervix > Flashcards

Cervix Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cervix?

A

Part of the uterus below the internal os

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the endocervical canal lined with?

A

Mucous columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The transition zone is also known as the —– - ——- junction

A

Squamo-columnar junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The position of the transitional zone changes during life as a response to which 3 events?

A

Menarche
Pregnancy
Menopause
(also using COCP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common cancer in females <35

A

Cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 6 Wilson and Jugner Criteria

A 
Important Health problem
Treatment available
Recognisable latent or early symptomatic phase
Suitable screening test available
Natural history of condition understood
Cost effective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why do cervical screening?

A

Screening can identify cell changes which may develop to be pre-cancerous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many lives are saved per year in the UK due to cervical screening?

A

5,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the best protection against cervical cancer?

A

Screening (even if you have been immunised with HPV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TRUE/FALSE If you develop symptoms this should be picked up on screening test as usual

A

Meh

If symptoms then diagnostic testing NOT screening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Screening is for which two strains of HPV?

A

Strain 16 and 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What percentage of cancers does screening pick up?

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What age range do you have to fall within in order to be eligible for cervical cancer screening?

A

25-64

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the algorithm for determining coverage?

A

Screened population/ eligible population x 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the algorithm for determining uptake?

A

Screened population/ Invited population x 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

TRUE/FALSE You can do a smear even if they are bleeding?

A

Kinda
Difficult to do a smear when bleeding
If persistent then examination of cervix and/or considered for endometrial biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do smears collect?

A

Cervical cells for microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

With smears what correlates to the severity?

A

Degree of dyskaryosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the pre-invasive phase of cervical cancer called?

A

Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What strains of HPV is CIN associated with?

A

16, 18, 31, 33

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Once CIN has spread down the endocervical crypts it is cancer

A

FLASE

It does not mean cancer- it is just the path of least resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the RF for CIN?

A 
Persistent high risk HPV infection
Multiple partners
Smoking
Immunocompromise
OCP
Lack of barrier contraception
Young age for first intercourse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does koilocytosis indicate is present?

A

HPV infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How much of the epithelium does CIN I affect?

A

Lower basal 1/3 epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

With CIN III what percentage regress and what percentage progress to infection?

A

30% regress

10% progress to invasion

26
Q

What type of carcinoma are 75-95% of malignant cervical tumours?

A

Squamous carcinoma

27
Q

Why should squamous carcinoma of the cervix be preventable?

A

As it develops from pre-existing CIN therefore it should be preventable by screening

28
Q

What are some symptoms of cervical cancer?

A
  • Usually none at early invasive stage
  • Abnormal bleeding
  • Brownish/blood stained discharge
  • Pelvic pain
  • Haematuria/urinary infections
  • Ureteric obstruction/renal failure
29
Q

What are the 3 types of spread fo cervical cancer?

A

Local
Haematogenous
Lymphatic

30
Q

In stage 3 cervical cancer there is involvement of the

A

Pelvic wall

31
Q

What type of glands does adenocarcinoma form in?

A

Mucous secreting glands

32
Q

TRUE/FALSE Squamous carcinoma of the cervix has a better prognosis than adenocarcinoma

A

FALSE

Adenocarcinoma has a worse prognosis

33
Q

In which age group is adenocarcinoma of the cervix increasing?

A

Young

34
Q

What is the epidemiology of adenocarcinoma of the cervix?

A

Higher S.E class
Later onset of sexual activity
Smoking
HPV (esp HPV 18)

35
Q

What is the preinvasive phase of endocervical adenocarcinoma?

A

Cervical Glandular Intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN)

36
Q

If you think someone may have cervical cancer the first line is colposcopy TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE
Colposcopy is part of the screening for asymptomatic pre-cancer
If you think cancer then need to do internal examination

37
Q

What are the 4 types of surgery for cervical cancer

A

LLTEZ- up to stage 1a1
Cone biopsy- up to stage 1a2
Trachelectomy- up to stage 1b
Radical hysterectomy if confined to cervix

38
Q

If you use cisplatin why does there need to be good hydration?

A

It is excreted by the kidneys

39
Q

Which chemotherapy agent causes lots of neurological SE e.g. tinnitus, pins and needles?

A

Cisplatin

40
Q

What is the risk that you warn all patients about who are undergoing chemotherapy?

A

Neutropenia

41
Q

If they are going to what is the period that they will be neutropenic after chemo?

A

5-12 days period

42
Q

Of the 80 types of HPV identified how many are known to cause infection int eh genital tract?

A

40

43
Q

What is the shape of the DNA in HPV?

A

Circular, double stranded DNA, protected by capsid proteins

44
Q

What does HPV 6 and 11 cause?

A

Genital warts

45
Q

What is the period of time from HPV infection to High grade CIN?

A

6 months- 3 years

46
Q

What is the period of time from high grade CIN to invasive cancer?

A

5 years - 20 years

47
Q

Which age groups is vulval intraepithelial neoplasia common in?

A

Bimodal

  • Young women
  • Older women
48
Q

What is the most important prognostic indicator in vulvar invasive squamous carcinoma?

A

Spread to inguinal lymph nodes

49
Q

What is the treatment for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia?

A

Radical vulvectomy

Inguinal Lymphadenopathy

50
Q

What are the three things that ectropians are prone to?

A

Bleeding
Excess mucous production
Infection

51
Q

Why do ectropians extend during puberty, with the COCP and during pregnancy?

A

Hormonal influence

52
Q

Treatment of cervical ectropian

A

None if asymptomatic/pregnant/pubertal
If taking hormonal contraceptive- consider change to non-hormonal
Cautery with diathermy if the patient wishes

53
Q

What is an ectropion?

A

A red ring around the os as endocervical epithelium extended its territory over the paler epithelium of the ectocervix

54
Q

What is another name for mucous retention cysts?

A

Nabothian cysts

55
Q

What are cervical polyps?

A

Pedunculated benign tumours of endocervical epithelium, localised inflammatory outgrowth

56
Q

Cervical polyps are premalignant TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE

57
Q

Treatment of cervical polyps

A

Young women–> avulsion

Old women–> avulsion + TVS +- hysteroscopy

58
Q

What are the two risks with cervicitis?

A
  1. Can lead to infertility

2. May mask neoplasia on a smear

59
Q

What is the cause of 50% of cervicitis?

A

Chlamydia

60
Q

Squamous carcinoma of the vagina is a disease of what age group?

A

The elderly

ADELE-Repro Ramblings (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions