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ADELE-Repro Ramblings > Female reproductive system histology > Flashcards

Female reproductive system histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 functions of the ovary?

A 
Produce gametes
Produce steroids (mainly oestrogens and progesterone)
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2
Q

What is the structure of the ovary?

A

Medulla and cortex

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3
Q

Secondary follicles develop a space inside of them that defines them. What are they called?

A

The space is called an antrum

They are therefore called Antrum follicles

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4
Q

What is the name of the collages tissue that forms a white coat on the outside of the ovary?

A

Cortex

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5
Q

What is the outer shell of the cortex called?

A

Tunica Albuginea

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6
Q

What is the single layer of cuboidal cells that cover the tunica albuginea called?

A

Germinal Epithelium

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7
Q

At what week of development do germ cells from the yolk sac invade the ovaries and proliferate by mitosis to form oogonia?

A

Week 6

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8
Q

What is oogensis?

A

The development of oocytes from oogonia

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9
Q

What is atresia?

A

Loss of germ cells

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10
Q

What percentage of oogonia will be remaining at birth?

A

1/5

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11
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Before birth, meiosis begins in the oocytes but halts at prophase

A

TRUE

If the oocyte undergoes further development meiosis will restart

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12
Q

What is the diameter of a mature graffian follicle?

A

2cm

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13
Q

TRUE/FALSE

If the oocyte fails to associate with pregranulosa cells (follicle cells) it will die

A

TRUE

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14
Q

The pregranulosa cells are squamous but if the follicle enters the growth phase there will become ——-

A

Cuboidal

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15
Q

In a primary follicle, stromal cells are associating with the outside of the follicle and will go on to form —- ——-

A

Theca Folliculi

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16
Q

What forms between the oocytes and granulosa cells?

A

Zona pellucida

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17
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Theca interna is more vascularised and dense (than external) as becoming endocrine tissue

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Theca interna secrete what?

A

oestrogen precursors (which will go on to be converted to oestrogen by granulosa cells)

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19
Q

What cells convert oestrogen precursors to oestrogen?

A

Granulosa cells

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20
Q

What is the Corpus Oophorus?

A

Attach the oocyte to one edge

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21
Q

One day before ovulation the oocyte in the largest graffian follicle will complete meiosis 1 but instead of producing two equal size cells it will produce one cell called a ——– ——–

A

Secondary follicle

22
Q

Once the secondary oocyte if formed it then immediately completes meiosis TRUE/FALSE

A

False

it will begin the second phase of meiosis but stop at metaphase II

23
Q

When does the secondary oocyte complete meiosis and become fully mature?

A

Only once it has been release (ovulation) and fertilised by a sperm

24
Q

What is the name of the granulosa cells that directly surround the oocyte?

A

Corona Radiata

25
Q

if implantation occurs what does the placenta secrete and what does this do?

A

Placenta secretes HCG- this prevents degradation of the corpus luteum, which therefore maintains progesterone levels so maintains the preganancy

26
Q

TRUE/FALSE

The infundibulum moves so that it is adjacent to the site where the follicle ruptures

A

TRUE

27
Q

How does the ovum move down the tube?

A

Propelled by gentle peristalsis and currents created by the ciliated epithelium

28
Q

What does the mucosa look like in the ampulla of the uterine tube?

A

Mucosa is highly folded

29
Q

What is the ampulla lined by?

A

Simple columnar epithelium with ciliated cells and secretory cells

30
Q

TRUE/FALSE

There are 2 layers of smooth muscle in the ampulla and 3 layers in the isthmus

A

TRUE

31
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

32
Q

What does the endometrium of the uterus made up of?

A

Tubular secretory glands, embedded in a connective tissue stroma

33
Q

What are the two layers that the endometrium can be divided up into?

A

Stratum functionalis

Stratum basalis

34
Q

Which layer of the endometrium undergoes monthly growth , degeneration and loss?

A

Stratum functionalis

35
Q

During the secretory phase the glands become coiled with a corkscrew appearance and secrete ——-

A

Glycogen

36
Q

During the menstural phase the stratum functionalists undergo ———

A

Constriction (causing ischaemia)

37
Q

The cervix is mostly fibrous connective tissue covered by stratified ——- epithelium on its vaginal surface

A

Squamous

38
Q

What is the most common site of dysplasia in the cervix?

A

Transition zone

39
Q

Cervical gland secretion vary. When is it thick and viscous?

A

Following ovulation (to prevent passage of sperm)

40
Q

WHEN IS THE CERVICAL GLAND SECRETION THIN AND WATERY?

A

in the proliferative phase- in order to allow passage of sperm

41
Q

If the outlets of the cervical glands are blocked, what is formed?

A

Nabothian cyst

42
Q

What are the 4 layers of the vagina?

A

1-Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
2- Lamina propria
3-Fibromuscular layer
4-Adventicia

43
Q

Why is the epithelium of the vagina thicker in reproductive years?

A

Due to glycogen accumulation

44
Q

TRUE/FALSE

The vagina has the most glands contained within its walls than any other part of the body

A

FALSE
There are no glands in the wall of the vagina
Lubricated by the mucous from the cervical glands

45
Q

How do commensal bacteria inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria?

A

Metabolise the glycogen to lactic acid

46
Q

What is mons pubis?

A

Skin which contains highly oblique hair follicles overlying a subset fat pad (which overlies the pubic symphysis)

47
Q

TRUE/FALSE

The labia majora is an extension of the mons pubis

A

TRUE

48
Q

TRUE/FALSE

The labia minor is rich is apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands and with small bundles of smooth muscle

A

FALSE
This describes the labia majora

The labia minor lacks subcut fat and hair follicles. Rich in vasculature and sebaceous glands that secrete directly onto the surface of the skin)

49
Q

What is the level of vagina that the epithelium extends to

A

Level of the hymen

50
Q

What is the transition that occurs at the hymen?

A

Transition from keratinised epithelium to non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

51
Q

What does the clitoris contain?

A

Two tubes of erectile vascular tissue

ADELE-Repro Ramblings (21 decks)

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