Female reproductive system histology

Question 1

What are the 2 functions of the ovary?

Answer 1

Produce gametes
Produce steroids (mainly oestrogens and progesterone)

Question 2

What is the structure of the ovary?

Answer 2

Medulla and cortex

Question 3

Secondary follicles develop a space inside of them that defines them. What are they called?

Answer 3

The space is called an antrum

They are therefore called Antrum follicles

Question 4

What is the name of the collages tissue that forms a white coat on the outside of the ovary?

Answer 4

Cortex

Question 5

What is the outer shell of the cortex called?

Answer 5

Tunica Albuginea

Question 6

What is the single layer of cuboidal cells that cover the tunica albuginea called?

Answer 6

Germinal Epithelium

Question 7

At what week of development do germ cells from the yolk sac invade the ovaries and proliferate by mitosis to form oogonia?

Answer 7

Week 6

Question 8

What is oogensis?

Answer 8

The development of oocytes from oogonia

Question 9

What is atresia?

Answer 9

Loss of germ cells

Question 10

What percentage of oogonia will be remaining at birth?

Answer 10

1/5

Question 11

TRUE/FALSE

Before birth, meiosis begins in the oocytes but halts at prophase

Answer 11

TRUE

If the oocyte undergoes further development meiosis will restart

Question 12

What is the diameter of a mature graffian follicle?

Answer 12

2cm

Question 13

TRUE/FALSE

If the oocyte fails to associate with pregranulosa cells (follicle cells) it will die

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

The pregranulosa cells are squamous but if the follicle enters the growth phase there will become ——-

Answer 14

Cuboidal

Question 15

In a primary follicle, stromal cells are associating with the outside of the follicle and will go on to form —- ——-

Answer 15

Theca Folliculi

Question 16

What forms between the oocytes and granulosa cells?

Answer 16

Zona pellucida

Question 17

TRUE/FALSE

Theca interna is more vascularised and dense (than external) as becoming endocrine tissue

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

Theca interna secrete what?

Answer 18

oestrogen precursors (which will go on to be converted to oestrogen by granulosa cells)

Question 19

What cells convert oestrogen precursors to oestrogen?

Answer 19

Granulosa cells

Question 20

What is the Corpus Oophorus?

Answer 20

Attach the oocyte to one edge

Question 21

One day before ovulation the oocyte in the largest graffian follicle will complete meiosis 1 but instead of producing two equal size cells it will produce one cell called a ——– ——–

Answer 21

Secondary follicle

Question 22

Once the secondary oocyte if formed it then immediately completes meiosis TRUE/FALSE

Answer 22

False

it will begin the second phase of meiosis but stop at metaphase II

Question 23

When does the secondary oocyte complete meiosis and become fully mature?

Answer 23

Only once it has been release (ovulation) and fertilised by a sperm

Question 24

What is the name of the granulosa cells that directly surround the oocyte?

Answer 24

Corona Radiata

Question 25

if implantation occurs what does the placenta secrete and what does this do?

Answer 25

Placenta secretes HCG- this prevents degradation of the corpus luteum, which therefore maintains progesterone levels so maintains the preganancy

Question 26

TRUE/FALSE | The infundibulum moves so that it is adjacent to the site where the follicle ruptures

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

How does the ovum move down the tube?

Answer 27

Propelled by gentle peristalsis and currents created by the ciliated epithelium

Question 28

What does the mucosa look like in the ampulla of the uterine tube?

Answer 28

Mucosa is highly folded

Question 29

What is the ampulla lined by?

Answer 29

Simple columnar epithelium with ciliated cells and secretory cells

Question 30

TRUE/FALSE | There are 2 layers of smooth muscle in the ampulla and 3 layers in the isthmus

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

Answer 31

Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium

Question 32

What does the endometrium of the uterus made up of?

Answer 32

Tubular secretory glands, embedded in a connective tissue stroma

Question 33

What are the two layers that the endometrium can be divided up into?

Answer 33

Stratum functionalis | Stratum basalis

Question 34

Which layer of the endometrium undergoes monthly growth , degeneration and loss?

Answer 34

Stratum functionalis

Question 35

During the secretory phase the glands become coiled with a corkscrew appearance and secrete -------

Answer 35

Glycogen

Question 36

During the menstural phase the stratum functionalists undergo ---------

Answer 36

Constriction (causing ischaemia)

Question 37

The cervix is mostly fibrous connective tissue covered by stratified ------- epithelium on its vaginal surface

Answer 37

Squamous

Question 38

What is the most common site of dysplasia in the cervix?

Answer 38

Transition zone

Question 39

Cervical gland secretion vary. When is it thick and viscous?

Answer 39

Following ovulation (to prevent passage of sperm)

Question 40

WHEN IS THE CERVICAL GLAND SECRETION THIN AND WATERY?

Answer 40

in the proliferative phase- in order to allow passage of sperm

Question 41

If the outlets of the cervical glands are blocked, what is formed?

Answer 41

Nabothian cyst

Question 42

What are the 4 layers of the vagina?

Answer 42

1-Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium 2- Lamina propria 3-Fibromuscular layer 4-Adventicia

Question 43

Why is the epithelium of the vagina thicker in reproductive years?

Answer 43

Due to glycogen accumulation

Question 44

TRUE/FALSE | The vagina has the most glands contained within its walls than any other part of the body

Answer 44

FALSE There are no glands in the wall of the vagina Lubricated by the mucous from the cervical glands

Question 45

How do commensal bacteria inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria?

Answer 45

Metabolise the glycogen to lactic acid

Question 46

What is mons pubis?

Answer 46

Skin which contains highly oblique hair follicles overlying a subset fat pad (which overlies the pubic symphysis)

Question 47

TRUE/FALSE | The labia majora is an extension of the mons pubis

Answer 47

TRUE

Question 48

TRUE/FALSE | The labia minor is rich is apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands and with small bundles of smooth muscle

Answer 48

FALSE This describes the labia majora The labia minor lacks subcut fat and hair follicles. Rich in vasculature and sebaceous glands that secrete directly onto the surface of the skin)

Question 49

What is the level of vagina that the epithelium extends to

Answer 49

Level of the hymen

Question 50

What is the transition that occurs at the hymen?

Answer 50

Transition from keratinised epithelium to non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 51

What does the clitoris contain?

Answer 51

Two tubes of erectile vascular tissue