Post industrial britain Flashcards
What was the new class that emerged as well as the lower and upper class?
Middle class
- had some money
- were professionals
- lot’s of free time
- literacy skills
- attended public schools
- worked as factory owners/ managers
What were the advantages of the industrial revolution on the working class participation?
- half day saturdays
- increased travel
- middle class emerged increasing wealth
- middle class factory owners set up teams
What were the disadvantages of the industrial revolution on working class participation?
- wages and disposable income was still low
- poor hygiene lead to illness
- long gruelling 72+ g
hour shifts - urbanisation reduced space and facilities
Who were amateurs?
people who competed in sport but didn’t receive monetary reward for it
What class did amateurism suite and why?
suited the middle and upper class
because they had money and participated leisurely not for monetary reward
Who were professionals?
competed in sport earning an income from participation
What class did professionalism suite and why?
suited the lower class
because they lacked money and participated competitively to win
What was rugby lead and why was it created?
created so lower class people in the north could work as professionals getting payed to play rugby and therefore taking time off work
What was rugby union and why was it created?
played in the south by upper and middle class amateurs who could afford to take time off work
How did the status of women change in the late 19th century?
women had more rights to education and could become teachers and were also encouraged to take part in sport to improve health
What sports did women participate in and why?
non- strenuous and violent sport
- lawn tennis
- badminton
- gymnastics
How did education change in the late 19th century and why?
- education act in 1870 provided compulsory education for children age 5-13
- built on the public school provision and changed the status that only upper/ middle class went to school
- compulsory PE lessons were also part of this
How did law and order change?
- better sense of law and order in streets
- society + sport became more sophisticated
- introduction of police force resulted in mob games being replaced by nationalised sport
Why were the RSPCA formed and what did this result in?
resulted in most animal cruelty sports becoming illegal
dog and cock fighting banned
upper/ middle class who wrote the law didn’t ban fox hunting for themselves
How did the perception of education change?
perception of education and literacy began to change, people thought it developed skill sets for employment and helped spread sport
many working class had little interest in education and wanted to work (child labour was common)
How did money effect participation?
- middle/ upper class had money for sport specialist equipment and facilities
- lower class continued to have low wages limiting participation
- towards the end of the 19th century they had a small disposable income
How did transport change?
greatly improved:
- walking
- horse and carriage
- boat
- bicycle
- train
- car for the rich
What did improved transport lead to?
- standardisation of rules
- national/international fixtures
- increased participation
- horse racing became much more frequent due to railways
What were public schools?
for the middle/upper class where parents payed a significant fee for their boys to attend
How were public schools transformed?
transformed by Thomas Arnold head of rugby school who filled boys free time with structure and sport improving behaviour and education
How did public schools promote and organise sport?
- created specialist facilities
- professional coaching
- character development
- inter house/school competitions
- compulsory sport
- codification of rules through NGB’S
How did public schools promote ethics?
through regular sport involving high moral principles such as sportsmanship, fair play and respect
What was muscular christianity?
high moral standard for fair play and respect in sport
What was the cult of athleticism?
development of character through sport, a combination of physical integrity and moral endeavour
e.g truthfulness, respect, teamwork, courage and sportsmanship
