21st century sport Flashcards
How has social class changed?
social class is more fluid and professional sport provides social mobility however still some societal division
What sports did the different classes take part in?
lower class = football
upper class = tennis golf equestrianism
Why may lower class people be less likely to participate in sport?
unable to afford specialist equipment, clothing, coaching, transport, facilities and fees
participation trying to be increased by sport England and NGB’s
What is stacking in sport?
when people are encouraged into a sport that matches their socioeconomic group
e.g upper class into equestrianism and lower class into football
How did education increase participation?
- compulsory curriculums
- competition (inter house)
- extra curricular clubs
- qualifications rewarding participation
- school club links
- fee paying school opportunities
How did education decrease participation?
- lack of knowledge and education meaning not knowing the benefits of sport
- negative past experience (e.g not being picked in PE)
Why did participation increase during this time?
- flexible working hours
- sports centers becoming 24/7
- facilities like AGP’s having floodlights
- conveniences such as washing machines increasing free time
Why did participation decrease?
- stress
- anxiety
What was the availability of money like at this time?
- increase to £10.43 minimum wage
- most had disposable income to spend on memberships
- more options to shop around and look for the best deal
- some working class still unemployed
- cost of living crisis had a huge impact
How did transport at this time change?
- air travel enabled the development of global sport
- trains connected towns and rural communities
- car became a popular transport form
- public and private transport became more accessible to public allowing people to travel, play and watch sport
What was law and order like?
- increased cases of negligence and litigation
- racial and gender equality laws decreased cases of discrimination
- increased cases of match fixing and PED’s
- increased criminal prosecution against spectators
How did law and order make sport safer?
- banning orders for hooligans
- alcohol bans at venues
- drug laws against PED’s
- legal action against foul play on pitch
- duty of care of officials making them responsible for player and spectator safety
