Post industrial Flashcards

1
Q

What years were post industrial Britain?

A

1850-1900

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2
Q

Why were opportunities for sport bad in pre-industrial Britain? 1800-1850

A

Poor health (bad working/living conditions so no energy)
Poverty - couldn’t afford to play/have time off work
No time - 72 hour week as just gone from seasonal time to machine time. Had sunday off but attended church
Urban revolution - no space to play

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3
Q

How do you remember why opportunities in sport increased?

A
PANTTS
Provisions
Acts of parliament
National governing bodies
Time
Transport
Social class
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4
Q

What provisions were there that increased opportunities to do sport?

A

Public baths/parks (hygiene/relax)
Purpose built facilities (space to play)
Professionals (broken time payments)

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5
Q

What acts of parliament increased opportunities to do sport?

A

Factory acts - minimum wage/max working hours
Education acts - Min age to leave school (state schools)
Increased literacy because of ^
Wash house act

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6
Q

What did national governing bodies do to increase opportunities to do sport?

A

Codification of sport

Newspapers and match reports

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7
Q

What happened to time after 1850 to increase opportunities to do sport?

A
Half day saturday
57 hour week 
Shorter working day
Weeks paid holiday
More time to relax/do sport
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8
Q

What happened to transport after 1850 to increase opportunities to do sport?

A

Railways were built so could play more teams and leagues/cups could be made
Annual trip to the seaside to relax

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9
Q

What happened social class in 1850 to increase opportunities to do sport?

A
3 tier system - now middle class
Factory football teams, spectatorism, space to play, sports stars and status for women
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10
Q

What are the 3 classes after 1850?

A

Upper, middle and working (not peasants)

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11
Q

What were the middle class made of?

A

Positions of authority - professionals, industrialists and managers
Were not wealthy by birth but had the money and time to participate in sport

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12
Q

What schools did the middle class attend?

A

Public schools

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13
Q

How did the middle class influence sport?

A

They were responsible for NGB’s and codified sports. They also influenced society to become more respectable with an emphasis on good manners

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14
Q

Who were amateurs?

A

Upper and middle classes

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15
Q

Why were amateurs only upper and middle classes?

A

They did not have to be paid and took part for the love of the game
This idea developed in public schools and may of these gentlemen formed the first NGBs that codified sport

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16
Q

Who were professionals?

A

Working class

17
Q

Why were professionals only working class?

A

They could not afford time off work so if they were good enough got broken time payments to play.
Got paid so wanted to win, had to train, to win leagues/cups had to get best players

18
Q

What is the key point about gender?

A

Still male dominated

19
Q

Why was sport still male dominated?

A

Expected to marry, have children and rely on their husbands financially.
Schooling for girls was limited
Weren’t allowed to enter many professions, could be teachers but that was a low paid and low status job

20
Q

What class of women had the least opportunity?

A

Working class - limited by their status in society

21
Q

Why did gender discrimination begin to change?

A

Women proved they could do what men could when men went to war.
Madame Osterberg made a college for women which which led to equal rights movements

22
Q

What happened to law and order to make sport more respectable?

A
Middle and upper class made laws which started a civilising process where working class blood sports were banned.
Sport more respectable
23
Q

What was the working class perception of education?

A

Wasn’t important - wanted their kids to earn money, schooling prevented this
Even after 1850 employment of children continued.

24
Q

What 2 acts after 1850 increased the amount of children in education?

A

1870 education ‘forster act’ national system of state education. Elementary schools were established to supplement church, private and guild schools.
1891 education act - free education for everyone

25
Q

What happened to the availability of time after 1850?

A

Increased as factory owners realised that they needed a healthy and loyal workforce so formed factory teams.
Factory acts decreased time working

26
Q

Why was it still difficult for some people to play sport?

A

Still a lack of disposable income

Still poverty and deprivation

27
Q

How did transport increase participation in sport?

A

Trains allowed people to travel further and quicker so could play teams further away leading to leagues and cups.
Increased spectatorism as can get to more matches.
Gone from local to regional to national
Second class travel so more afforfable

28
Q

Complete this about football in post-industrial

A
29
Q

Complete this about cricket in post-industrial

A
30
Q

Complete this about tennis in post-industrial

A