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Radiology Positioning > Positioning test 1 > Flashcards

Positioning test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the distance for a PA chest

A

72 inches

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2
Q

what is the central ray for PA chest

A

0 degrees/ perpendicular to IR

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3
Q

for PA chest what level do you need to be at

A

The level of T7

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4
Q

For a PA chest how many inches above should the top of the casette be to the shoulders

A

1 1/2 to 2 inches

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5
Q

breathing technique for PA Chest

A

two breaths in, exposure taken on second deep inspiration

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6
Q

pt position for PA chest

A

Shoulders rolled forard to get scapula out of the lung field, chin up

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7
Q

Why is a PA chest projection done?

A

Because the heart is closer to the IR (sits more anterior than posterior) to decrease magnification.

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8
Q

What should be included in a chest xray to make it a good xray?

A

10 posterior ribs
Apices (top of lungs)
Costophrenic angles (bottom of ribs)
Heart shadow
Trachea
Carina
Right Bronchioles (shorter, wider, more vertical, easier for foreign body objects to get stuck)
Left Bronchioles
No rotation (SC joints equal, Ribs look equal)

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9
Q

what seperates the thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm

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10
Q

determines the shape , position, and movement of the interal oragns.

A

Body habitus
sthenic- average
hypersthenic- larger build
asthenic- very slender
hyposthenic- slender

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11
Q

what is each lung enclosed by

A

a double walled membrane sac called the pleura
inner layer - visceral pleura
outer layer- parietal pleura

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12
Q

what does the pleura cavity allow:

A

expansion of the lungs

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13
Q

what does the medistinum consist of

A

Trachea, esophagus, greater vessels, Heart, Thymus, Nerves, Lymphatics, Fat

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14
Q

seperates pleural cavities, contains all the thoracic structures except the lungs and pleurae.

A

Mediastinum

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15
Q

Trachea bifurcates at the:

A

Carina

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16
Q

Trachea is more anterior or posterior to the esophagus

A

anterior

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17
Q

what primary bronchus is shorter, wider and more vertical

A

Right primary bronchus

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18
Q

which bronchus is more likely for a foreign body object to get stuck

A

Right primary bronchus

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19
Q

where does oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange happen

A

alveolar sacs

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20
Q

difference in body habitus for chest xray

A

Hypersthenic (heavier) diaphragm becomes broader (flattens), heart shape broader

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21
Q

what is the distance for supine chest

A

72 inches

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22
Q

breathing technique for PA chest

A

2 breaths in, exposure taken on second deep inspiration

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23
Q

what are we centering at and how many inches should the casette be above the shoulders

A

T7
1 1/2 - 2 inches

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24
Q

what is the CR for supine chest

A

0 degrees / perpendicular to IR distance

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25
Q

distance for lateral chest

A

72 inches

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26
Q

CR for lateral chest

A

0 degrees/ perpendicular

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27
Q

if a lateral chest is being done what side we do

A

left lateral

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28
Q

what are we centering at for lateral chest

A

T7

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29
Q

breathing technique for later chest

A

2 breaths, exposure taken on second deep inspiration

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30
Q

which lung is shorter

A

the right lung because of the liver

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31
Q

arm position for lateral chest

A

arms should be more than 90 degrees above

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32
Q

what should you be able to see on the later chest

A

Apices, costophrenic angles, posterior ribs superimposed, hilum, manubrium

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33
Q

how many lobes does the lung have on the right

A

3 lobes

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34
Q

how many lobes does the lung have on the left

A

2 lobes

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35
Q

structures of the medistinum

A

Trachea, esophagus, greater vessels, Heart, Thymus, Nerves, Lymphatics, Fat

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36
Q

is a hooklike process on the last cartilage

A

carina

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37
Q

organs of respiration

A

lungs

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38
Q

cavity that contains heart and lungs

A

thoracic

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39
Q

which body structure forms the anterior border of the medistinum

A

sternum

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40
Q

which medistinal structure consists of a c shape cartiaginous rings

A

trachea

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41
Q

which area of the trachea divides into two lesser tubes

A

carina

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42
Q

during inspiration lungs move:

A

inferiorly

43
Q

during expiration lungs move:

A

superiorly

44
Q

what is the name of the superior portion of each lung

A

apex

45
Q

what is the area of primary interest in a lordadic positiom

A

apices

46
Q

why should chest images be performed with a 72 inches SID

A

to minimize megnification of the heart

47
Q

why should chest images be performed after the pt has suspended respiration after the second inspiration

A

to expand the lungs better

48
Q

what does decubitus demonstrate

A

air or fluid levels

49
Q

another name for Limbolm method

A

lordotic or AP axial

50
Q

how to position patient for lordotic

A

One step forward, lean back

51
Q

if a pt. cant lean back for the lordotic what will you do

A

angle 15- 20 degrees

52
Q

what is the CR for lordotic

A

0 degrees/ perpendicular as long as the pt can lean back

53
Q

what do we want to see in lordoctic chest

A

APICES - trying to get clavicles off of apices

54
Q

how many degrees for an oblique chest

A

45 degrees

55
Q

what is the distance for oblique chest

A

72

56
Q

what are we centering at for oblique chest

A

T7

57
Q

breathing technique for oblique chest

A

two breaths

58
Q

which lung is being best demonstrated for oblique chest

A

RAO or LAO – side up

LPO or RPO – side down

59
Q

how long should the pt wait in a decub position

A

5 minutes

60
Q

distnace for decub chest

A

72 inches

61
Q

if laying down where does the air and fluid go

A

fluid goes down
air goes up

62
Q

what do you want to see in decub chest

A

equal ribs, 10 posterior

63
Q

what are we centering at for decub chest

A

T7

64
Q

for chest RAO demonstrates

A

left lung

65
Q

for chest LAO demonstrates

A

right lung

66
Q

RAO=

A

LPO

67
Q

LAO=

A

RPO

68
Q

Decubitus is mainly to see:

A

Pleurasie

69
Q

position used for barium cardiac series

A

55 to 60 degree oblique position

70
Q

sternum is (blank) in lateral chest

A

profile

71
Q

3 parts of the sternum

A

manubrium
body
xiphoid

72
Q

bony thorax is formed by

A

sternum
12 pairs of ribs
12 thoracic vertebrae

73
Q

functions of bony thorax

A

protects heart and lungs

74
Q

position for upper ribs

A

standing

75
Q

position for lower ribs

A

laying down

76
Q

true or false
standing is not essential for ribs

A

true

77
Q

breathing technique for upper ribs

A

inspiration, to lower diaphragm

78
Q

distance for ribs

A

40 inches

79
Q

CR for ribs

A

0 degrees/ perpendicular

80
Q

true ribs

A

1-7, attach directly to sternum

81
Q

false ribs

A

8 - 12, attach indirectly to the sternum via costal cartilage

82
Q

floating ribs

A

11-12, attach only to vertebra

83
Q

anterior portions of the ribs compared to the posterior

A

Anterior portion compared to posterior lies 3 to 5 inferior to the posterior

84
Q

Heads articulate with vertebral bodies

A

costovetebral joints

85
Q

Tubericles articulate with Tspine transverse processes

A

costotransverse joints

86
Q

How do I visualize axillary portion of the ribs

A

Oblique 45 degrees

87
Q

space inbetween ribs

A

intercostal space

88
Q

`typical rib consists of

A

head, neck, tubericle, body

89
Q

distance for sternum PA oblique RAO

A

30-40 inches

90
Q

essential for sternum

A

PA oblique RAO

91
Q

rotation for sternum PA oblique RAO

A

15-20 degree to take sternum of of spine

92
Q

the thicker the person the less we rotate, the thinner the (blank) we rotate

A

more

93
Q

what are we centering for sternum

A

mid sternum

94
Q

true or fasle
for sternum it does not matter whether we are standing or laying down

A

true

95
Q

centeral ray for PA. oblique rao

A

0 degrees/ perpendicular

96
Q

top of the manubrium is the most (blank) portion of the sternum

A

superior

97
Q

why do we do an rao of sternum

A

to put sternum over heart

98
Q

breathing technique for sternum

A

shallow, blur the ribs and lung markings

99
Q

if we cant do an RAO we do an:

A

LPO

100
Q

distance for lateral sternum

A

72 inches

101
Q

what do we do with the arms in lateral sternum

A

roll shoulders back, hands back locked in together, chin up , chest out , head up, inspiration

102
Q

breathing technique for lateral sternum

A

inspiration

103
Q

where should the top border of the IR be positioned for the lateral projection of the sternum

A

1 1/2 inches above the jugular notch

104
Q
A

Radiology Positioning (8 decks)

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