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Radiology Positioning > General Anatomy And Radiographic Positioning Terminology > Flashcards

General Anatomy And Radiographic Positioning Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

The term applied to the science of the structure of the body

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Study of function of the body organs

A

Physiology

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3
Q

The detailed study of the body of knowledge relating to the bones of the body

A

Osteology

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4
Q

Name four fundamental body planes

A

-Sagittal
-Coronal
-Horizontal
-oblique

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5
Q

Which plane divides the body into right and left segments passing vertically from front to back

A

Sagittal plane

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6
Q

Is a specific Sagittal plane that passes through midline and divides the body into equal right and left halves

A

Midsagittal plane

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7
Q

What plane passes through the body vertically from side to side dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts

A

Coronal

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8
Q

Is the specific plane that passes through midline and divides the body into equal anterior and posterior halves

A

Midcoronal plane

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9
Q

What plane passes through the body or body part at right angles longitudinal axis dividing the body into superior and inferior portions (also called transverse, axial or cross sectional planes)

A

Horizontal plane

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10
Q

What plane passes through a body part at any angle between the other planes

A

Oblique

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11
Q

What planes transects the body at the pelvis at the top of the iliac crest

A

Interiliac plane

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12
Q

What plane is formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with jaws closed

A

Occlusal plane

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13
Q

Name the body cavities

A

-cranial
-thoracic
-Abdominal
-pelvic

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14
Q

What does the thoracic cavity include

A

Pleural membranes
Lung
Trachea
Esophagus
Pericardium
Heart and great vessels

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15
Q

What does the abdominal cavity contain

A

Peritoneum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Spleen
Stomach
Intestines
Kidneys
Ureters
Major blood vessels

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16
Q

What does the pelvic portion contain

A

Rectum
Urinary bladder
Part of the reproductive system

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17
Q

What is the chest and abdomen bordered by

A

Diaphragm

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18
Q

What are two methods the abdomen is divided

A

Quadrants and regions

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19
Q

What are the four quadrants

A

Right upper
Right lower
Left upper
Left lower

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20
Q

What are the 9 regions

A

Superior regions
(Right hypochondrium, epigastrium, left hypochondrium)
Middle regions (right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar)
Inferior regions (right inguinal, hypogastrium, left inguinal)

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21
Q

What is C1

A

Mastoid tip

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22
Q

What is C2 and C3

A

Gonion (angle of mandible)

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23
Q

What is C3, C4

A

Hyoid bone

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24
Q

What is C5

A

Thyroid cartilage

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25
Q

What is C7, T1

A

Vertebra prominens

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26
Q

What is T1

A

Approximately 2 inches above level of jugular notch

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27
Q

What is T2,T3

A

Level of jugular notch

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28
Q

What is T4,T5

A

Level of sternal angle

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29
Q

What is T7

A

Level of inferior angles of scapulae

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30
Q

What is T9,T10

A

Level of xiphold process

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31
Q

What is L2,L3

A

Inferior of coastal margin

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32
Q

What is L4,L5

A

Level of superior most aspect of iliac crests

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33
Q

What is S1,S2

A

Level of anterior superior iliac spine

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34
Q

What is coccyx

A

Level of pubic symphysis and greater trochanters

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35
Q

What does body habitus mean

A

The common variations in the shape of the human body

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36
Q

Name the four body habitus’s

A

Sthenic- average
Hyposthenic -slender
Hypersthenic- very large
Astheic- very slender

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37
Q

Which two body habitus are average

A

Sthenic and hyposthenic

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38
Q

Which two body habitus are extremes

A

Hypersthenic and asthenic

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39
Q

What is the term for skeletal divisions , general bone features, bone development and classification of bones

A

Osteology

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40
Q

What are some bone functions

A

Attachment for muscles , basis for movement, protection, support frame, production of red and white blood cells, storage for calcium,phosphorus and other salts

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41
Q

How many bones are in the body

A

206

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42
Q

What two main groups is the skeletal divisions

A

Axial and appendicular skeleton

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43
Q

What is the axial skeleton

A

Supports and protects the head, neck and trunk

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44
Q

What is appendicular skeleton

A

Arms and legs

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45
Q

What is tough, fibrous connective tissue that covers bone, except at articulate ends

A

Periosteum

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46
Q

What lines marrow cavity

A

Endosteum

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47
Q

What is the term that applies to the development and formation of bones

A

Ossification

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48
Q

What are the shape classifications of bones

A

Long
Flat
Irregular
Short
Sesamoid

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49
Q

What type of bones consist of body and two enlarged articulated ends

A

Long bones

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50
Q

Give an example of long bones

A

Femur and humerus

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51
Q

What bones consist mainly of cancellous bone with a thin outer layer of compact bone

A

Short bones

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52
Q

What is an example of short bones

A

Carpal bones

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53
Q

What bones consist of two plates of compact bones

A

Flat bones

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54
Q

What is an example of a flat bone

A

Sternum and cranium

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55
Q

What bones are peculiarly shaped

A

Irregular bones

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56
Q

What is an example of irregular bones

A

Vertebrae and facial bones

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57
Q

What’s bones are small oval bones that develop in and near tendons and protect the tendons from excessive wear

A

Sesamoid bones

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58
Q

Example of Sesamoid bone

A

Largest is patella

59
Q

Defined as the study of joints or articulations between bones

A

Arthology

60
Q

What are the three subdivisions based on mobility of joints

A

Synarthroses- immovable
Ampiarthroses- slightly moveable
Diarthroses- freely moveable

61
Q

Three distinct groups based on connective tissues

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

62
Q

What joints are immovable

A

Fibrous

63
Q

Three types of fibrous joints

A

Syndemosis
Suture
Gomphosis

64
Q

What joint is slightly moveable

A

Cartilaginous

65
Q

Two types of cartilaginous joints

A

Symphysis and synhondrosis

66
Q

What joint is freely moveable

A

Synovial

67
Q

6 types of synovial joints

A

Gliding
Hinge
Pivot
Ellipsoid
Saddle
Ball and socket

68
Q

What is the simplest synovial joint

A

Gliding

69
Q

Example of gliding

A

Inter carpal and inter tarsal

70
Q

What joint permits flexion and extension only

A

Hinge joint

71
Q

Example of hinge joint

A

Elbow and knee

72
Q

What joint allows rotation around a single axis

A

Pivot

73
Q

Example of pivot joint

A

C1-C2

74
Q

What joint allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction

A

Ellipsoid

75
Q

What is an example of Ellipsoid joint

A

Radiocarpal (wrist)

76
Q

What joint allows movement similar to Ellipsoid difference is shape of the articulation surface

A

Saddle

77
Q

Example of saddle joint

A

Thumb

78
Q

What joint permits widest range of motion

A

Ball and socket

79
Q

Examples of ball and socket

A

Hip and shoulder

80
Q

What is a fracture

A

Break in bone

81
Q

Types of fractures

A

Closed , open, non-displaced and displaced

82
Q

Forward or front part of the body or of a part

A

Anterior (ventral)

83
Q

Back part of the body

A

Posterior (dorsal)

84
Q

Parts away from the head of the body

A

Caudal

85
Q

Toward the head

A

Cephalic

86
Q

Nearer the head or situated above

A

Superior

87
Q

Nearer the feet or situated below

A

Inferior

88
Q

Mid area or main part of an organ

A

Central

89
Q

At or near the surface, edge, or outside of another body part

A

Perioheral

90
Q

Toward the median plane of the body or toward the middle of a body part

A

Medial

91
Q

Away from the median plane or away from the middle of a part

A

Lateral

92
Q

Near the skin of surface

A

Superficial

93
Q

Far from the surface

A

Deep

94
Q

Farthest from the point of attachment or origin

A

Distal

95
Q

Nearer to the pint of attachment or origin

A

Proximal

96
Q

Outside the body part

A

Extenal

97
Q

Inside the body or part

A

Internal

98
Q

The wall or lining of a body cavity

A

Parietal

99
Q

Covering of an organ

A

Visceral

100
Q

Parts in the same side of the body

A

Ipsilateral

101
Q

Parts in the opposite side of the body

A

Contralateral

102
Q

Palm of the hand

A

Palmar

103
Q

Sole of the foot

A

Plantar

104
Q

Anterior or top of the foot or back of the hand

A

Dorsum

105
Q

-Defined as the path of the cr as it exits the X-ray tune passing through the patient to the ir
- identified by the entrance and exit points of the body

A

Projection

106
Q

-overall poster of the pt or herbal body position
-also refers to the specific placement of the body or part in relation to the table or IR

A

Position

107
Q

-used to describe the body part as seen by the IR
-exact opposite of projection

A

View

108
Q

Refers to a specific radio graphic projection developed by an individual

A

Method

109
Q

What are the essential projections

A

AP
PA
AXIAL

110
Q

CR enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior

A

AP

111
Q

CR enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior

A

PA

112
Q

Longitudinal angle of the CR of 10 degrees or more

A

Axial

113
Q

CR directed along the outer margin of a curved body surface

A

Tangential

114
Q

CR enters one side of the body passing transversely along the coronal plane

A

Lateral

115
Q

CR enters from side angle

A

Oblique

116
Q

Erect or vertical

A

Upright

117
Q

Upright but sitting on a stool

A

Seated

118
Q

Lying down in any position

A

Recumbent

119
Q

Lying on back

A

Supine

120
Q

Lying face down

A

Prone

121
Q

Supine with the head lower than the feat

A

Trendelenburgs position

122
Q

Supine with the head elevated

A

Fowler’s position

123
Q

Recumbent with pt lying on left anterior side with left leg extended and right knee and thigh partially flexed

A

Sims position

124
Q

Erect position of attention with the palms facing forward

A

Anatomical position

125
Q

It specifically indicated that the body part must be placed exactly in the anatomical position

A

True projection

126
Q

Names according to the side of the pt that is placed closer to the IR

A

Lateral position

127
Q

Supine with knees and lips flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally, supported by ankle supports

A

Lithotomy position

128
Q

Body is rotated so that the formal plane is not parallel with the table or IR
angle if rotation is specific for anatomy or interest
Named according to side and surface of body closer to table or IR

A
129
Q

Recumbent position with a horizontal CR

A

Decubitus position

130
Q

Upright position in which the pt is leaning backward

A

Lordotic

131
Q

Movement of a part away from the central axis of the body

A

Abduct

132
Q

Movement of a part toward the central axis of the body

A

Adduct

133
Q

Straightening of a joint

A

Extension

134
Q

Bending of a joint

A

Flexion

135
Q

Forced or excessive extension

A

Hyperextension

136
Q

Forced over flexion

A

Hyperflexion

137
Q

Outward turning of the foot at the ankle

A

Evert /eversion

138
Q

Inward Turing of the foot at the ankle

A

Invert/ inversion

139
Q

Rotation of forearm so that the palm is down

A

Pronate

140
Q

Rotation of forearm so that palm is up

A

Supinate

141
Q

Turning of the body or part around it’s axis

Rotation of a limb is either medial or lateral

A

Rotate / rotation

142
Q

Circular movement of a limb

A

Circumduction

143
Q

Tipping or slanting a body part slightly

A

Tilt

144
Q

A Turing away from the regular or standard course

A

Deviation

Radiology Positioning (8 decks)

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