Final review : Leg, knee, femur , foot, ankle Flashcards
Two bones of the leg
tibia and fibula
largest second bone in the body
tibia
what side is the tibia located on
medial
what side is the fibula located on
lateral side and slightly posterior
two prominent and palpable processes on the proximal end of the tibia
medial and lateral condyles
sharp projection between articular facets
intercondylar eminence
what forms articular facets (plateus) for femur as part as the knee joint
superior surfaces of condyles
has facet on posterior surface for articulation with the fibula
lateral condyle
-anterior surface of tibia, inferior to condyles
-serves as point of attachment for muscles
tibial tuberosity
-located at distal end of tibia
-palpable landmark
-forms part of ankle mortise
medial malleolus
-triangular depression for articulation with distal fibula
-distal tibiofibular joint is amphiarthotic (slightly moveable)
fibular notch
both classified as long bone
tibia and fibula
does not bear weight
fibula
proximal end of fibula and articulates with lateral condyle of tibia
head of fibula
conical projection on lateral, posterior head
apex of fibula
-distal end of fibula
-forms part of ankle mortise
-projects lower than medial malleolus
lateral malleolus
-formed by femoral condyles and tibial plateaus
- synovial diarthrodial, hinge type joint
-protected by patella
-supported by ligaments
stabilized and cushioned by menisci
knee
lie on tibial plateuas
lateral and medial maniscus
largest, most constant sesamoid bone in the body
patella
-situated on the distal, anterior femur
-develops in quadriceps femoris tendon between 3 and 5 years of age
-triangular shaped
-apex points toward knee
-base is superior aspect
patella
largest bone in the body
femur
-proximal, rounded end
-articulates with acetabulum of pelvis to form hip joint
head of femur
slender region just below head
neck of femur
large prominent, palpable process at proximal end of lateral side
greater trochanter
located medial and posterior surface of femur
lesser trochanter
distal end, just above condyles
-designated as medial and lateral
epicondyles of femur
-expanded, palpable distal ends
-medial and lateral articulate with tibia to form knee joint
condyles of femur
depression between condyles on posterior surface of femur
intercondylar fossa
CR for AP and lateral lower leg
- perp to center of leg
distance for AP and lateral lower leg
SID maybe rasied to 48 inches to decrease magnification to fit image on IR
where is the lateral malleolus
on the fibula
where is the medial malleolus
on the tibia
If the leg does not fit for tib fib what can you do
-turn cassette catty corner
- increase sid to 48
what two joints do you need for the tib fib
ankle and knee joints
do you need to dorsiflex for ap and lateral tib fib
yes
how are the femoral condyles in the lateral tib fib
superimposed and perpendicular to IR
what is perpendicular to the IR in lateral leg
-patella
-femoral condyles
what views of the knee must be standing
weight bearing knees
distance for weight bearing knees
40 inches
how much do you angle for AP knee
5-7 degrees
where do you center for AP knee
1/2 inch below the patellar apex
how are the femoral epicondyles in the AP knee
parallel with IR
for a lateral knee, how much should you bend the knee?
20 to 30 degrees
how much do you angle the tube for a lateral knee?
5 to 7 degrees cephalic angle to move the medial condyles superior to superimpose it
which condyle has the adductor tubercle
medial condyle
what is the main purpose to put an angle on the lateral knee
because the medial condyles sit lower and we want to superimpose them
what is perpendicular in the lateral knee
epicondyles and patella are perpendicular to IR
what is superimposed in the lateral knee
condyles
where are we centering for a lateral knee
enters knee joint 1 inch distal to medial epicondyle
what is in profile in a lateral knee
patella
is the medial condyle anterior or posterior
anterior
is the lateral condyle anterior or posterior
posterior
how much do you rotated knee for medial oblique?
45 degrees medially
where do you center for medial oblique knee
1/2 inch below patellar apex
how do you know its a medial oblique knee
separate head of fibula and tibia, lateral condyle more magnified and the separation
rotation of knee for lateral oblique knee
45 degrees
what is being best demonstrated for lateral oblique knee
medial condyle
CR for ap oblique lateral knee
enters 1/2 inch below patellar apex
how is the fibula in the lateral oblique knee
fibula is rolling behind the tibia, laying on anterior surface of it