Portugal Study Guide Flashcards
1
Q
Where does Portugal rank worldwide in regards to production? Consumption?
A
11th largest producer of wine in the world
7th largest consumer
2
Q
What two fortified wines had Portugal previously built its wine fame on? What direction is the country moving in regards to production today? Why is this?
A
Port and Madeira
Moving towards the production of modern table wines, sourced from a diverse array of over 200 unique, native varietals.
This movement is due to the worldwide decline in the sales and interest of fortified wines
3
Q
What treaty was signed between Portugal and England that would establish a diplomatic alliance that would pave the way for extensive trade between the two kingdoms? When was this?
A
Treaty of Windsor in 1386
4
Q
What Portuguese colony offshore is nicknamed the “isle of woods”?
A
Madeira
5
Q
When was Port discovered and by who was it discovered? Where in the town was this discovered? What was the wine nicknamed in England when brought back to Liverpool?
A
1678 by two Englishmen in the mountain town Lamego located in the Douro Valley
The wine was discovered in a local monastery where the local abbot was practicing mutage with brandy.
Nicknamed “blackstrap”
6
Q
What happened at the end of the 17th century that served as a boon for Douro wines? What treaty was signed in 1703 to further enhance this boon? (treaty)
A
War and trade embargoes by England with France at the end of the 17th century resulted in a boom for sales of Douro wines.
Additionally in 1703 the English signed the Treaty of Methuen with Portugal, establishing a long-lasting trade agreement between the two nations and preferential tariffs for Portuguese wines.
7
Q
At what point in history did Portuguese wines account for 2/3 of wine imported to England?
A
the mid 18th century (mid 1700s)
8
Q
When was Kopke founded? How many decades was this before the first recorded shipment to England?
A
1638
4 decades before
9
Q
What treaty between England and Portugal proved to be the catalyst for the heyday of Port shipments to England in the 18th century?
A
Treaty of Methuen in 1703
10
Q
What events in the early to mid 18th century led to the development of the Companhia Geral do Vinhos do Alto Douro (Douro Wine Company)? Why was this company established?
A
Widespread fraud in the Douro that was exposed causing the price of Douro wines to plummet in the English market.
Company was established to restore English confidence and protects its own economic interests.
11
Q
What did the Companhia Geral do Vinhos de Alto Douro do to restore English confidence and protect the Douro’s economic interest?
A
formally established the boundaries and practices of the Douro appellation in 1756
developed a methodology for grading Port vineyards and authorized each individual farmer’s production allotment relative to the vineyard’s grade
12
Q
Between 1758 and 1761, the 335 best vineyards were classified. What is their designation called and how were they marked? For what market was fruit from these vineyards reserved for?
What were the lesser vineyards called and what market was fruit from these vineyards reserved for in regard to production?
A
The best were classified as feitoria and marked with stones. Fruit from these vineyards was reserved for the production of wines for the English market.
Lesser vineyards were called rama. Fruit from these vineyards was reserved for the domestic market.
13
Q
Who were the most culpable parties in regards to the widespread fraud in the Douro during the mid 1700s that damaged the Douro’s reputation? What silver lining did this provide for the Douro Wine Company?
A
British merchants
This resulted in the merchants having to forfeit a measure of control over the trade of Douro wines giving the Douro Wine Company the ability to regulate grape pricing, fix pricing on the finished wines, manage exports and monopolize the sale of Portuguese brandy (aguardente) used in the fortification process.
14
Q
What is the name of the Portuguese brandy that is used for the purpose of mutage in Port production?
A
aguardiente
15
Q
What is the Douro Wine Company known as today? What has happened in regards to its responsibilities? What organization manages the appellations and its regulations now?
A
The Royal Oporto Wine Company. It has lost its regulatory functions over time.
Today, the government-run Douro Port Wine Institue (IVDP) manages the appellation and the regulations.
16
Q
As Port became the favored Portuguese wine in England, Madeira’s British wine merchants developed prosperous colonial trade where?
A
English North America colonies and Brazil
17
Q
What time period is widely considered to be the apex of Madeira, Port, and the wine of Portugal?
A
The first decade of the 19th century
18
Q
Who invaded Portugal in 1807 to disrupt the country’s trade with England? What two facets of wine trade were greatly affected?
A
France and Spain
Production quality and prices were greatly affected.
19
Q
Who’s defeat resulted in Portugal falling behind in market share to French, Spanish, and beer markets?
A
Napoleon’s defeat and exile
20
Q
Which fortified wine overtook Port as the wine of choice in England during the late 1800s?
A
Sherry
21
Q
When did Powdery Mildew and Oidium hit Portugal?
A
1850s
22
Q
What was the only region in Portugal that was not affected by Phylloxera during the outbreak?
A
Colares
23
Q
Many vineyards in Portugal were not replanted following the Phylloxera outbreak. What industry took hold in Portugal following this?
A
The cork industry
Portugal today remains one of the foremost suppliers of cork closures for the wine industry.
24
Q
What organization was founded in 1937 that revamped the Portuguese wine industry? What did they do?
A
Junta Nacional do Vinhos
This organization consolidated small vineyards into a network of larger co-operatives.
25
Along with Port, what two commercial brands of sweet, semi-sparkling rosé became the face of Portugues wine worldwide after WWII?
Mateus and Lancers
26
When did Portugal join the EU? What happened to the cooperatives following this? What resulted from this?
1986
Cooperatives lost their monopolistic power, and government grants and foreign investment began to pour into the country.
Many small estates (quints) severed their ties with cooperatives and started making their own wines.
27
What were the first delimited appellations in Portugal known as? What name did they take when Portugal devised a new appellation system in line with EU standards?
Regiões Demarcadas
Became Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC) and in 2009 became known as Denominação de Origem Protegida (DOP)
28
What are the 3 levels of quality for Portuguese wine known as? Which is superior? Where can the old DOC designation still be used?
Denominação de Origem Protegida (DOP)
Indicação Geográfica Protegida (IGP)
Vinhos de Mesa/Vinho
DOP is the superior designation and DOC can still be used on labels of Portuguese wine sold within the domestic market.
29
What facets of wine production does DOP cover? (4)
permitted styles
max yields
minimum alcohol content
aging requirements
30
What quality level has been eliminated in Portugal? What have these become?
Indicação de Proveniencia Regulamentada (IPR)
These have promoted to DOP status.
31
What is considered the tier below DOP on the quality ladder in Portugal? What level of EU quality is it considered?
IG/VR (IGP)
Indicação Geogràfica (IG) for EU protection or Vinhos Regional (VR) if traditionally labeled within Portugal
Considered IGP
32
IG/VR wines if labeled varietally must have a min what % of the grape stated?
min 85% as it is protected by the EU
33
What are the 14 IGPs in Portugal?
```
Minho
Transmontano
Duriense
Terras do Dão
Terras de Cister
Terras da Beira
Beira Atlântico
Tejo
Lisboa
Alentejano
Península de Setúbal
Algarve
Terras Madeirenses
Açores
```
34
What is the lowest level of wine quality in Portugal that does not meet conditions for DOP or IGP qualification?
Vinhos de Mesa or simply Vinho
35
What label term may be present on Portuguese wine bottles if they're produced as vintage-dated DOP or IGP? What are the aging requirements for this? (red and white) What other aging requirement may be present as well? What re its requirements?
garrafeira
```
Garrafeira Tinto (red):
min 30 months, including 12 months in bottle
```
```
Garrafeira Branca (white)/rosado:
min 12 months, with 6 months in bottle
```
Reserva is the other term an this indicates at least 0.5% higher alcohol content than what is required for the basic DOP or IGP. Though this may differ from DOP to DOP, ditto for IGP
36
The aging requirements for Port garrafeira are different than for unfortified vintage-dated garrafeira. What are the requirement for Port garrafeira?
Following a few years' aging in barrels, the Port is matured for at least 8 years in glass demijohns
37
What does "reserva" indicate on a bottle of traditional method Portuguese sparkling wine?
minimum 12 months on the lees prior to dégorgement
38
What does Colheita Seleccionada indicate on a bottle of Portuguese table wine?
minimum 1% higher alcohol content than that established by the regional appellation
39
What are grape varieties called in Portugal?
casta
40
What is the most widely grown red casta (grape variety) in Portugal? What is its expression?
Castelão
full-bodied, tannic wines with meaty, red-fruit aromas
41
Who makes "Periquita", a wine whose success led to other producers using the wine's name as a moniker serving as a synonym for the grape used? What is the grape? What is the IGP that it is produced in?
J.M. da Fonseca makes this wine from the Castelão grape in the Peninsula de Setúbal
42
What was Peninsula de Setúbal previously known as?
Terras do Sado
43
Castelão is the most widely planted red casta, but what is considered to be Portugal's finest red casta? What percent of Portugal's vineyard acreage is devoted to this grape? What is its expression? Other than table wine, what style is this grape cherished for?
Touriga Nacional
10% of Portugal's acreage is dedicated to this grape
inky, full-bodied, structured
Also cherished for Port blends
44
Where did Touriga Nacional originate? What grape has overtaken it here as the most planted red casta?
Dão
Jaen (Mencía)
45
Why is Jaen (Mencía) valued in the red table blends of Dão, Douro, and Alentejo?
It is a low yielding vine that produces extremely small berries, valued for their extraction potential and concentration
46
What are premium Portuguese red wines traditionally aged in?
New French oak
47
What are two synonyms for Touriga Nacional in Portugal?
Bical Tinto and Mortágua Preto
48
What are 4 red grapes other than Touriga Nacional and Jaen (Mencía) that are planted for quality red wine in Portugal?
Alfrocheiro
Trincadeira
Baga
Aragonez/Tinta Roriz
49
What is Tempranillo known as in Portugal?
Tinta Roriz or Aragonez
50
What is the most planted white casta in Portugal? What is it known as in Bairrada?
Fernão Pires
| Maria Gomes in Bairrada
51
What two DOPs contain the majority of Portugal's plantings of Fernão Pires?
Bairrada DOP
| DoTejo DOP
52
What is the expression of Fernão Pires? What are the knocks on it?
simple, honeyed wines
prone to oxidation and low acidity
53
What is the star white noble grape of Dão? What is its expression?
Encruzado
elegant and balanced with floral, citrusy notes that gain complex nutty, resinous aromas with age
54
What white casta of Portugal is known for its lively, mineral-tinged wines produced throughout the country but making the most striking examples in the coastal regions and from Bucelas in particular?
Arinto
55
What is the most important white grape in Alentejano?
Antão Vaz
56
The white casta Sercial is a highly acidic grape prized for dry Madeira. What is it known on the mainland of Portugal? What grape is it often confused with that is its homophone?
Esgana Cão (dog strangler)
Often confused with Cercial, which is used in Dão, Douro, and Bairrada blends, but the two are genetically distinct
57
What is the climate of Vinho Verde DOP/Minho IGP? What is the biggest threat in the vineyards here due to this climate?
cool, rainy, Atlantic-influenced climate
grey rot
58
What is the traditional vine training method used in Vinho Verde DOP/Minho IGP? Describe it. What is the advantage of this method? What has replaced it today?
enforcado
vines are trained high off of the ground on trunks of trees, telephone poles, and steaks, creating an overhead canopy.
Mitigated the probability of fungal disease in the wet climate.
Modern methods have replaced this method today as only 10% of the country's vines are planted in the old manner.
59
What is the largest DOP in Portugal and represents 15% of the nation's total vineyard acreage?
Vinho Verde
60
Where does Vinho Verde DOP get its name?
Reference to the wines' youthful freshness and the verdant countryside.
61
What style of wine are produced in Vinho Verde DOP?
red, white, and rosado
62
What river marks the northern border with Spain in Vinho Verde?
The Minho River
63
What two main rivers flow through Vinho Verde DOP/Minho IGP in the north and south respectively? What direction do they flow?
Minho River in the north
Douro River in the south
both flow east to west emptying into the Atlantic Ocean
64
What is the predominant soil type in Vinho Verede DOP?
shallow granitic soils
65
What is Vinho Verde's most heavily planted white grape and the primary component of Vinho Verde blends?
Loureiro
66
What are the 5 most important white grapes for Vinho Verde production?
```
Loureiro
Alvarino
Trajadura (Treixadura)
Avesso
Pedernã (Arinto)
```
67
What is Arinto called in Vinho Verde?
Pedernã
68
In what northern town in Vinho Verde is Alvarinho typically bottled varietally? What is this subregion of Vinho Verde called? What sub zone of Rías Baixas is across the Minho river from here?
Monção in the subregion of Monçao e Melgaço
Condado do Tea
69
What is the teinturier grape used for the production of Tinto and Rosado wines in Vinho Verde DOP/Minho IGP? What other three red grapes combine with this grape to represent a minority of exports?
Vinhão
Espadeiro
Borraçal
Alvarelhão
70
Why are the wines from Vinho Verde usually slightly sparkling?
carbon dioxide is often injected prior to bottling
71
The red wines of Vinho Verde DOP/Minho IGP are often pétillant. How do they get their slight sparkle?
Malolactic fermentation inside the bottle
72
Transmontano IGP is bordered by what DOP/IGP to the west and south respectively? What is its northern border?
Vinho Verde DOP/Minho IGP to the west and the Duriense IGP to the south.
Spain is its northern border
73
What is the DOP located within Transmontano IGP?
Trás-os-Montes DOP
74
What are the three subregions of Trás-os-Montes DOP?
Chaves
Valpaços
Planalto Mirandés
75
What are the 5 most important red grapes in Transmontano IGP/Trás-os-Montes DOP?
```
Touriga Nacional
Tinta Roriz
Touriga Francesa
Trincadeira
Bastardo (Trousseau)
```
76
What is Trousseau known as in Portugal?
Bastardo
77
What are 3 of the most planted white castas in Transmontano IGP/Trás-os-Montes DOP?
```
Rabigato
Gouveio
Fernão Pires
Malvasia Fina
Viosinho
```
78
What two DOPs were once apart of Transmontano IGP prior two the inception of the Duriense IGP?
Douro DOP
| Porto DOP
79
What valley does the Duriense IGP occupy?
Douro River Valley
80
What are the two DOPs of the Duriense IGP?
Douro DOP
| Porto DOP
81
What is Portugal's first demarcated wine region?
The Douro
82
What are the two mountain ranges that define the landscape of the Douro DOP?
Marão Mountains
| Montemuro Mountains
83
What is the preferred soil type for Port vines?
Schist
84
What is the climate of the Douro Valley?
severe continental climate with severely hot summers and cold winters
85
What blocks the Douro Valley from the humid winds of the Atlantic?
The craggy mountains act as a barrier and the land becomes progressively drier toward the Spanish border
86
What are the three subzones in Douro DOP? Which has the highest density of plantings? Which has the highest total vineyard acreage? Which is the largest, most arid, and most sparsely planted region?
Baixo Corgo (highest density of plantings)
Cima Corgo (highest total vineyard acreage)
Douro Superior (largest, most arid, and most sparsely planted)
87
What is the term for fortified in Portugal? What is the top fortified wine for both DOPs of the Duriense IGP?
licoroso
Moscatel do Douro (Douro)
Port (Porto)
88
What percentage of wine is released as Port in the Duriense IGP?
50%
89
What are the permitted styles of table wine released in Douro?
Tinto, Branca, Rosado
90
What are the 5 top red castas of Douro DOP?
```
Touriga Nacional
Touriga Franca
Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo)
Tinta Cão
Tinta Barroca
```
91
What are the 4 top white grapes for Douro DOP table wines?
Malvasia Fina
Viosinho
Rabigato
Gouveio
92
Are wines from Douro DOP simple, fruity and fresh or are they subjected to new oak treatment and higher degrees of sophistication and polish?
They can be both
93
What is the fortified wine of Douro DOP? What is the grape used? What is it called elsewhere in the world? What are the aging requirements? What aging designation may its vintage-bottled examples carry?
Moscatel do Douro
Moscatel Galego is the grape called Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains elsewhere
min 18 months aging
Vintage bottles may be labeled "Colheita"
94
What are the standard aging requirements for reserva for Portuguese table wine in regards to minimum alcohol and time? What are the reserva requirements in Douro DOP?
10.5% for white/rosado and 11% for red
no set requirement for aging length at basic level
Douro:
11.5% for white/rosado and 12% for red
6 months aging for white
12 months aging for red
95
When may Douro producers use the label term grande reserva?
When their wines meet reserva criteria and score exceptionally well in blind tasting analysis may use the term
96
What are sparkling wines called in the Douro?
Espumanto do Douro
97
What are late harvest wines called in Douro DOP?
Colheita Tardia
98
From what town were Port casks traditionally shipped from down river towards Oporto? What suburb of Oporto is where Port was traditionally aged prior to shipping? What were the ships called that transported the casks?
Port wine was transported on Barco Rabelo ships from Pinhão in Cima Corgo downriver to Vila Nova de Gaia
99
When was the mandate to ship from Vila Nova de Gaia lifted in regards to Port shipping? What did this enable in regards to small quintas?
1986 when Portugal joined the EU disrupting the monopolistic demands of the Port trade.
This enabled small quintas to produce and ship Port and table wines from their premises in the Douro.
100
What time period witnessed the birth of a number of smaller estates in the Douro Valley following Portugal's joining the EU?
1990s
101
Who is responsible for establishing the phenomenon of dry Douro table wines?
The larger Port houses and shippers
102
Which wine released in 1952 pioneered the dry table wine movement in Portugal? Who produced it? Who owns the house now?
Barca Velha produced by Ferreira
Owned by Sogrape now
103
What three Port houses are at the forefront of the table wine revolution today in the Douro Valley? What estate in the Douro Superior that used to be the source of the fruit for Barca Velha has established itself as one of the region's young cult stars?
Niepoort
Quinta do Crasto
Ramos Pinto are the three Port houses at the forefront.
Quinta do Vale Meão is the rising cult star
104
What borders the province of Beiras to the north? What are the 4 IGPs that were divided from the original Beiras IGP zone?
Duriense IGP in the ne and Minho IGP/Vinho Verde DOP to the nw
Terras do Dão IGP
Terras de Cister IGP
Terras da Beira IGP
Beira Atlântico IGP
105
What are the two DOPs within Terras do Dão IGP?
Dão DOP
| Lafões DOP
106
What DOP is located within Beira Atlântico IGP? What is the sub zone of this DOP?
Bairrada DOP with the sub zone Terras do Sicó
107
What is the DOP within Terras de Cister IGP? What style of wine is it known for?
Távora-Varosa DOP
known as a center of sparkling wine production
108
What is the DOP within the Terras da Beira IGP? What are its 3 subzones?
Beira Interior DOP
Subzones:
Beira Castelo Rodrigo
Cova da Beira
Pinhel
109
Since the 1990s forward producers in the Dão DOP have been producing wines that emphasize freshness and fragrance. What is the signature grape of these red wines? How does this grape compare in regards to expression to the wines it makes in Douro?
Touriga Nacional
more elegant, sharper, and more floral than wines of Douro
110
What mountain ranges shelter the Dão from the harsh winds of the continental interior, yet insulate it from the wet, cool maritime rather systems coming from the cost?
Serra do Caramulo shields the region from the Atlantic and the Serra da Estrela mountains protect it from the southeast
111
What is the climate like during the growing season in the Dão?
Hot and dry
112
At what altitude range are the best vineyards of the Dão situated in to preserve acidity? What soil type is here?
400-500m above sea level where the preferred granitic soils are in abundance
113
What percent of land in the Dão is planted to vines?
5%
114
What is the name of Portugal's highest mountain range?
Sera da Estrela
115
What are the 7 subregions of the Dão?
```
Serra da Estrela
Alva
Besteiros
Castendo
Silgueiros
Terras de Azurara
Terras de Senhorim
```
116
What 4 styles are produced in Dão? What percent of production is devoted to red?
red, white, rosado, and espumante
75% devoted to red wine
117
What are the 9 recommended red grapes of Dão?
```
Touriga Nacional
Jaen
Touriga Franca
Alfrocheiro
Aragonez (Tempranillo)
Bastardo (Trousseau)
Rufete
Trincadeira
Tinta Cão
```
118
That are the top 3 white grapes of the Dão?
Encruzado
Bical
Cercial
119
What two international grapes may be used for red and white wine respectively in the Dão but may not account for more than 40% of the blend?
Cabernet Sauvignon and Sémillon
120
Dão producers may label their wines as garrafeira according to the standard aging regimen but the min abv is increased. What is the standard aging requirement for garrafeira? What is the min abv?
30 months with 12 months in bottle
11.5% up from the standard 11%
121
What are the aging requirements for red and white Dão wines respectively?
Red:
2 years
White:
6 months
122
What are the aging requirements, grape requirements, and min abv for Dão Nobre? White?
Red:
min 3 years of aging with min 12% alcohol
min 15% Touriga Nacional with max 85% Jaen, Rufete, Alfrocheiro, and Aragonez
White:
min 1 year aging and 11.5% abv
min 15% Encruzado and a max 85% Cercial, Bical, Malvasia Fina, and Verdelho
123
If Dão Nobre wines receive additional aging and an extra half-degree min abv they may be labeled as Nobre reserva or Nobre garrafeira. What are the aging requirements and min abvs for red and white respectively?
Red:
Nobre reserva: 42 months
Nobre garrafeira: 48 months with 18 months in bottle
abv is 12.5% for both
White:
Nobre reserva: 12 months
Nobre garrafeira: 18 months aging with 9 months in bottle
abv is 12% for both
124
How does the climate of Bairrada DOP compare to Dão DOP?
milder, rainier
125
What styles of wine are produced in Bairrada DOP? Which dominates? What is the main grape?
red, white, rosado
red dominates
Baga
126
Bairrada DOP has clay soils (barros) and sandy soils. What grape is the star of the clay soils? What grapes are the stars of the sandy soils?
Red grape Baga is the star on the clay soils.
White grapes Maria Gomes and Arinto are the star grapes on the sandy soils.
127
What is the min% of Baga that must be present in the red wines produced in Bairrada DOP? What 5 grapes may comprise the rest of the blend?
min 50%
```
Touriga Nacional
Camarate
Castelão
Jaen
Alfrocheiro
```
128
In order for Bairrada producers to use the term "Bairrada Clássico" what requirements must be met?
Must remain faithful to the native grapes and provide a min abv of 12.5% up from the standard 11% for DOP to use the term.
129
Where is Lisboa IGP geographically in Portugal? What IGP borders it to the north? To the east?
Along the coastline with Beira Atlântico IGP to the north and Tejo IGP to the east
130
What are the 10 DOPs within Lisboa IGP?
```
Bucelas DOP
Colares DOP
Carcavelos DOP
Arruda DOP
Torres DOP
Vedras DOP
Alenquer DOP
Óbidos DOP
Lourinhã DOP
Encostas de Aire DOP
```
131
What has production traditionally been geared toward in Lisoa IGP?
large volumes of low quality Vino de Mesa wine.
132
What does Lourinhã DOP produce?
Aguardiente
133
What is the star white grape of Bucelas? Min % for dry table wines?
Arinto min 75%
134
How have vines in Colares been traditionally planted? Why?
In trenches to protect them from the salty marine winds
135
What are the grape requirements for red and white Colares respectively?
Min 80% Ramisco for red
| Min 80% Malvasia for white
136
In what DOP is the soil type chao rija? What grape performs best on that soil in that DOP?
Colares DOP
| Castelão
137
What DOP in Portugal has suffered most from urban sprawl leaving only 25ha of it left?
Carcavelos DOP
138
What are the grape requirements for red and white Carcavelos respectively?
Red:
min 75% Castelão and Preto Martinho
White:
Min 75% Arinto, Galego Dourado, Ratinho
139
What is vinho abafado? In what DOP in Portugal is it most commonly used?
partially fermented must preserved with alcohol
Used for the sweetening and fortification of wine in the Carcavelos DOP
140
How are Carcavelos wines produced? Aging requirements?
Wines are fermented dry then fortified and sweetened with vinho abafado, a partially fermented must preserved with alcohol.
Aged 2 years in barrel plus 6 months in bottle (30 months total)
141
What IGP was formerly called Terras do Sado and now includes the DOPs Setúbal and Palmela?
Peninsula de Setúbal IGP
142
What are the DOPs of Peninsula de Setúbal IGP?
Setúbal DOP
| Palmela DOP
143
What are the two estuaries that surround the Peninsula de Setúbal?
Tagus in the nw
| Sado in the s
144
What is the climate of the Peninsula de Setúbal classified as?
Mediterranean
145
The Palmela DOP comprises two distinct areas, the low-lying sandy plains spreading eastward from the hilltop of the same name, and the clay-limestone lower slopes of what mountains?
Arrabida Mountains
146
What are the two main soil types of Palmela DOP?
low-lying sandy plains in the east and the clay-limestone lowers slopes of the Arrabida Mountains
147
What is the main grape of Palmela that occupies the sandy plains there? What is the min % of it that must be present in reds from here?
Castelão
min 66.7%
148
What are the two main grapes of Palmela whites?
Fernão Pires and Arinto
149
What are the five styles of Palmela DOP?
red, white, rosado, espumante, and licoroso
150
What are some of the international varietals that are permitted in Palmela red and whites?
Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Merlot, and Tannat for reds
Chardonnay, Sémillon, and Sauvignon Blanc for whites
151
How are the licoroso wines of Setúbal comparable to Madeira?
They both traditionally benefited from the torna viagem process
152
What styles of wine are made in the Setúbal DOP?
Sweet and fortified red and white wines
153
What are the main red and white grapes for Setúbal DOP wines? To be labeled varietally what is the min % fore each grape?
```
Moscatel Roxo (red)
Moscatel de Setúbal/Muscat of Alexandria (white)
```
min 85% for both to be labeled varietally
154
How are Setúbal DOP wine's pungent floral quality developed during production?
Lengthy maceration on Muscat skins for up to 6 months following fermentation and fortification
155
What is the min amount of months Setùbal wines must be aged? What are they aged in?
18 months in large wooden casks
156
Who is the largest and most storied producer of Setúbal DOP?
J.M. da Fonseca
157
What are three grapes (red and white) that can be used in the production of Setúbal DOP wines?
Red:
Moscatel Roxo, Touriga Nacional, Aragonez, Bastardo, Castelão
White:
Arinto, Fernão Pires, Malvasia Fina, Verdelho, Viosinho
158
When was Moscatel de Setúbal originally demarcated?
1908
159
What is the alternative name for the Tagus River?
Tejo
160
Where do Tejo IGP and Alentejano IGP get their name?
From the Tagus River that is also known as the Tejo
161
What is production geared toward in the Tejo IGP that has drawn comparisons to neighboring Lisboa IGP? What styles are made here? What dominates? What are the main red and white grapes respectively despite the bewildering number of grapes used?
Bulk production of basic quality.
red, white, and rosado are made here with white wine production outnumbering the rest.
Castelão for red
Fernão Pires for white
162
What is the sole DOP of Tejo IGP?
DoTejo DOP
163
What are the 6 subzones of DoTejo DOP?
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Coruche
Chamusca
Cartaxo
Santarém
Tomar
Almeirim
```
164
What percent of Portugal's landmass does Alentejano IGP occupy? What is the DOP within it?
30% of Portugal's landmass
Alentejo DOP
165
What mountain's slopes are planted to vines in the Alentejo DOP sub zone of Portalegre?
São Mamede Mountains
166
What is the most promising sub zone of Alentejo DOP?
Portalegre
167
What is the most promising grape of Alentejo DOP?
Trincadeira
168
What is the species of tree that is considered the best for producing cork? What is a DOP of Portugal that holds high plantings of this tree?
Quercus suber
Alentejo DOP
169
What is the southernmost IGP on the Portuguese mainland? What are the 4 DOPs here? What are the main red (2) and white (2) grapes of this IGP?
Algarve IGP
Lagos DOP
Lagoa DOP
Portimão DOP
Tavira DOP
Castelão and Tinta Negra Mole for reds
Arinto and Síria for whites
170
What are the 3 DOPs of the Açores (Azores) Islands? Which two produced fortified white wines? Which produces unfortified dry white table wines?
Pico DOP and Biscoitos DOP produce fortified whites
Graciosa DOP produces unfortified dry whites.
171
What style of wine is the Pico DOP in the Azores island known for? What are the tree grapes? Aging requirements? min abv after fortification? Which other DOP in the Azores Islands produces the same style from the same grapes?
fortified white wines from Verdelho, Arinto, and Terrantez
aged for a minimum of three years in barrel with a min 16% abv after fortification
Biscoitos DOP also produces this style of wine from these grapes
172
On what island is Biscoitos DOP?
Terceira
173
What are the two DOPs for the Terras Madeirenses IGP? Which is for fortified and which is for unfortified wines?
Madeira (fortified)
| Madeirense (unfortified)
174
What is the name of the Riesling crossing that grows on Madeira and is used for Madeirense wines?
Arnsburger
175
What two International varietals are planted on Madeira and used to produce Madeirense DOP wines?
Cabernet and Syrah
176
What is the name of the Loureiro-only sub zone of Vinho Verde that is south of Monção and Melgaço?
Lima
177
Who makes Redoma?
Dirk Nieeport
