Port, Sherry, and Fortified Master Flashcards
1
Q
What is mitad y mitad and what is it used for? Why?
A
a mixture of Sherry and grape spirit that is added in the gradual and delicate fortification of Sherry.
This gentler mixture prevents the fortification from shocking the young wine
2
Q
What is a split vintage and why are they not common?
A
Back to back declared vintages for vintage port.
Not common because the houses don’t want to flood the market with vintage ports as it would devalue the product.
3
Q
Which to nations focused largely on fortified wines in the early part of the 19th century before redirecting towards dry table wines?
A
South Africa and Australia
4
Q
Which of the following styles represents the smallest amount of production in a Sherry bodega? Why?
Fino
Amontillado
Palo Cortado
Oloroso
A
Palo Cortado
Because it is very difficult to make
5
Q
What is the primary grape of Sherry production? Other two?
A
Palomino
Pedro Ximenez (PX) Moscatel
6
Q
Autonomia of Jerez?
A
Anadlucía
7
Q
What is the zone of Rutherglen Muscat?
A
North East Victoria
8
Q
What region is Banyuls produced in?
A
Roussillon
9
Q
Which style shows more oxidative notes, Tawny or Ruby?
A
Tawny
10
Q
What are the two DOs of Sherry production? How are they similar? How do they differ?
A
Jerez-Xeres-Sherry DO
Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda DO
Geographic limits are the same. Styles produced are different.
11
Q
What are the 4 main styles of Generoso (dry) Sherry?
A
Fino
Amontillado
Palo Cortado
Oloroso
12
Q
What are the two Sherry with Certification of Age designations? Which styles are they exclusive to? What are their specifics regarding aging?
A
Vinum Optimum Signatum/Very Old Sherry
13
Q
What are the two Sherry with Certification of Age designations? What does this age pertain to? Which styles are they exclusive to? What are their specifics regarding aging?
A
Vinum Optimum Signatum/Very Old Sherry:
min 20 years average age
for every 1 L drawn off 20 L must remain
Vinum Optimum Rare Signatum / Very Old Rare Sherry:
min 30 years average age.
for every 1 L drawn off, 30L must remain
Age pertains the to the average age of the wines in Solera.
Exclusive to Amontillado, Palo Cortado, Oloroso, and Pedro Ximenez Vino Dulce Natural
14
Q
Of the four main generoso styles, which is not eligible for the VOS and VORS designations?
A
Fino
15
Q
What are the 3 styles of Manzanilla Vino Generoso? Which is most like amontillado?
A
Manzanilla Fina
Manzanilla Pasada (Fino-Amontillado)
Manzanilla Olorosa
16
Q
Dry, Medium, Pale Cream, and Cream are all styles of what?
A
Vino Generoso de Licor
Which is Vino Generoso (Dry Sherry) blended with either Vino Dulce Natural or concentrated grape must.
17
Q
What are the 4 styles of Vino Generoso de Licor, RS level ranges, and the most common base generoso sherry that they’re produced from?
A
Dry:
5-45g/L
Medium:
5-115g/L; most often produced from Amontillado
Pale Cream:
45-115g/L; most often produced from Fino base
Cream:
115-140g/L; most often produced from Oloroso base
18
Q
What are the 4 styles of Vino Generoso de Licor, RS level ranges, and the most common base generoso sherry that they’re produced from?
A
Dry:
5-45g/L
Medium:
5-115g/L; most often produced from Amontillado
Pale Cream:
45-115g/L; most often produced from Fino base
Cream:
115-140g/L; most often produced from Oloroso base
19
Q
What is Vino Dulce Natural? Most common grapes used? What are the 3 styles and min RS levels?
A
Naturally sweet wine fortified after partial fermentation of “sunned” (soleo) grapes, often bottled varietally as Pedro Ximenez or Moscatel.
Dulce (min 160g/L)
Moscatel (min 160g/L)
Pedro Ximenez (min 212g/L)
20
Q
What are the two sub-varieties of Palomino? Which is the preferred for Sherry and makes up a majority of Jerez Superior?
A
Palomino Fino
Palomino de Jerez
21
Q
As of 2010 Sherry wines must age in a solera for a min of how many years? What was it before 2010?
A
Min 2 years.
Min 3 years before
22
Q
What are the 3 principal soil types of Jerez? What are they composed of? Where are they found? Which is the preferred for quality Sherry?
A
albariza (chalky porous limestone):
Jerez Superior; preferred for quality Sherry
barros (clay):
low-lying valleys
arenas (sand):
coastal areas
23
Q
Why is albariza preferred for quality Sherry vines?
A
it retains the water from autumn and winter rains and is porous so the vines can dig deep down in search for nutrients
24
Q
Jerez Superior is located between what town and what river?
A
Sanlucar de Barrameda and the Guadalete River
25
What are the 3 towns of aging for Sherry? Where are most of the pagos located?
Sanlucar de Barrameda
Jerez de la Frontera (most pagos located here)
Puerto de Santa Maria
26
What are 5 communes of Sherry production?
Sanlucar de Barrameda
Jerez de la Frontera
Puerto de Santa Maria
Chipiona
Chiclana de la Frontera
27
What are the provinces of production for Sherry?
Cadiz and Seville
28
What is the max RS for Vino Generoso Sherries?
max 5g/L
29
What type of aging does Amontillado Sherry experience?
Both Biological and Oxidative
30
Can Sherry be vintage?
Yes, but they are very rare because most go through Solera aging.
Vintage Sherry is called Añada
31
What is the Single Quinta of Calem?
Quinta do Sagrado
32
What is the Single Quinta of Croft?
Quinta da Roêda
33
What is the Single Quinta of Dow's?
Quinta do Bomfim
34
What is the Single Quinta of Nieeport?
Quinta do Passadouro
35
What is the Single Quinta of Kopke?
Quinta do Sao Luiz
36
What is AXS Millesimes?
Quinta do Noval
37
What is the Symington Family's top Single Quinta?
Quinta do Vesuvio
38
What is Bergqvist's top Quinta?
Quinta de la Rosa
39
What is Graham's top single Quinta?
Quinta dos Malvedos
40
What is Taylor's top Single Quinta?
Quinta de Vargellas
41
What is Warre's top Single Quinta?
Quinta da Cavadinha
42
What is Sandeman's top Quinta?
Quinta do Seixo
43
What is Fonseca's top Single Quinta?
Quinta do Panascal
44
What are the Vin de Liqueurs for the following:
Jura
Gascony
Cognac
Champagne
Jura (Macvin du Jura)
Gascony (Floc de Gascogne)
Cognac (Pineau des Charentes)
Champagne (Ratafia)
45
Where is Commanderia de St. John produced? What is it? What is its distinction? Appellation?
Vin de Liqueur made in Cyprus from dried grapes Xynisteri (white) and Mavro (red) for a min 10 days.
Wine is fortified and then aged for a min 2 years.
Oldest named wine in the world.
Appellation Commandaria Controllée
46
What Portuguese DOP is located in the Arrabida Hills and the Palmela Plains? What are the soil types for each? Wine produced?
Setubal DOP
Arrabida Hills (limestone)
Palmela Plains (sand)
Licoroso (Moscatel de Setubal)
47
What are the 2 aging label designations for Moscatel de Setubal DOP? What is the min aging requirement?
10/20/30/40+ years
Superior: min 5 years
min 18 months aging required
48
What are the grapes for the main varietal styles of Madeira? What are they from Driest to Sweetest?
Sercial
Verdejo
Bual
Malvasia/Malmsey
49
What are the point ranges for the grading of Port Vineyards for each grade?
```
A: 1200
B: 1,001-1200
C: 801-1,000
D:601-800
E:401-600
F:201-400
```
50
What are the two main wind currents in Jerez? Which is beneficial and vital for the growth of flor? Where does each come from?
Levante: (comes from Mediterranean)
hot, dry
Poniente: (comes from Atlantic)
cool, moist; vital for flor
51
What is the highest alcohol content that Flor is able to withstand?
15.5%
52
What is the min aging required for Frasquera Madeira?
min 20 years
53
What are the declared vintages for Port in the 2000s?
2000
2003
2007
2011
54
What is Moscatel in Sherry synonymous with?
Muscat of Alexandria
55
What is sobretablas? What happens afterwards?
Intermediary step for Biological Aging Sherries only. Happens following the addition of wines to barrel for aging under flor.
6-12 month aging process that culminates in a second sorting process for flor-aged Sherry
After this wines are classified for a second time as either Palma, Palma Cortada, Palo Cortado, Raya, or Dos Rayas
56
What portion of a Sherry butt is filled with wine to allow for growth of flor?
5/6
57
What are the 5 classifications of Sherry following Sobretablas? Describe each. What type of Sherry are each destined to become?
Palma:
Fino, as the Flor has flourished
Palma Cortada:
Robust Fino or Amontillado
Palo Cortado:
Richness causes the cellar master to redirect to oxidative aging by fermenting to 17% killing the flor. So Palo Cortado or Oloroso
Raya:
Poor Flor; fortified to 17-18% and will become Oloroso
Dos Rayas:
no flor, rough and coarse, high in volatile acidity. Blended and/or sweetened for cheaper Sherry or will become Sherry vinegar.
58
Following sobretablas which 2 styles will be fortified to be directed to Oxidative aging? What is the abv strength for each after fortification?
```
Palo Cortado (17%)
Raya (17-18%)
```
Dos Rayas has no flor so no need for fortification.
59
Following sobretablas which 2 styles will be fortified to be directed to Oxidative aging? What is the abv strength for each after fortification?
```
Palo Cortado (17%)
Raya (17-18%)
```
Dos Rayas has no flor so no need for fortification.
60
What are the 2 designations for the first classification of Sherry? How are they marked on barrel? How will each age? What strength are they fortified to?
Palo (stick on barrel):
fortified to 15-15.5% to allow for biological aging under the development of flor in barrel.
Gordura (O on barrel):
fortified between 17-18% to prevent flor growth and allow for oxidative aging.
61
What is the standard size of a Sherry Butt? For biological aging how many L will be added? What if the butt was 1200L?
600L is the standard size:
5/6 of 600L= 500L
1000L if the butt was 1200L
62
What is the name of the Moscatel clone used in the production of Moscatel de Setubal DOP? Min %?
Min 85% Moscatel Galego Roxo
63
What are the Muscat clones permitted for Muscat de Beaumes de Venise AOP?
Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains
| Muscat Rouge à Petits Grains
64
What are restanques?
Terraces in the southern rhone.
65
Where would you find Muscat de Hambourg?
Central Greece. Used as a blending component because of its high aromatics. Can't be vilified varietally due to its low acidity.
Used also for distillate
66
What is the Lei do Tergo control?
Law for Port production that restricts annual sales and release of products from a port house to 1/3 of their total inventory.
67
What is the name of the most famous Muscat wine and producer of Ukraine? What style is it made in? Where is it made?
Massandra Pink Muscat
VDN
Made in Crimea
68
Where is Samos PDO? What styles does it produce? Grapes?
Aegean Islands
VDN, VDL, and Naturally sweet wines from sun-dried grapes.
100% Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains)
69
What is Muscat de Noël and in what AOPs is it produced? Grapes?
Specialty Nouveau Vin Doux Naturels wine produced in 2 AOP in Languedoc and 1 AOP in the Roussillon region.
Muscat de Lunel AOP (Languedoc)
Muscat de Saint-Jean-de-Minervois AOP (Languedoc)
Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP (Roussillon)
Made from Muscat à Petits Grains and Muscat d'Alexandrie
70
What is the synonym for Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains in Samos?
Moschato Aspro
71
True or False, there are no fortified DOCGs in Italy?
True
72
What does "en rama" refer to? What does it mean? What does "en rama" translate to?
Refers to Sherry
means that the wine is unfixed and unfiltered
73
What styles are produced in Banyuls?
Fortified Red
Fortified White
Fortified Rosé
74
List the aging designations for Rutherglen Muscat from Oldest to Youngest, the aging requirements, and RS values?
Rare:
min 20+ years average age, 270-400g/L
Grand:
11-19 years average, 270-400g/L
Classic:
6-10 years average age, 200-280g/L
Muscat:
3-5 years average age, 180-240g/L
75
What are the declared Port Vintages of the 1990s? (4)
1991
1992
1994
1997
76
What are the declared vintages of the 1980s? (6)
```
1980
1982
1983
1985
1987
1989
```
77
What are the declared vintages of the 1970s? (4)
1970
1975
1977
1978
78
What are the most common sweetening and coloring agents of Marsala? What are each? Which styles is each used for?
Mosto Cotto (cooked must):
Sifone (mistelle):
produced by fortifying the unfermented must of overripe grapes.
79
What are the 3 most common sweetening agents for Sherry? Which has two types and what are they?
Dulce Pasa: (most common)
mistella produced from sunned Palomino grapes
Dulce de Almibar: (rarest)
blend of invert sugar and Fino Sherry
Mistela:
produced from sunned Palomino grapes
80
What are patamares?
the name for terraces cut into the hillside in the Douro Valley
81
What is Angel's Share called in Jerez?
Mema
82
When was Marsala first made? By who?
1773 (18th century)
| John Woodhouse
83
What is concia? What is the only style in Marsala that legally allows its addition?
Concia is the addition of Mosto Cotto to Marsala for the purpose of adjusting color and sweetness.
Ambra is the only style it is permitted for and by law must account for 1% of the total blend.
84
What are the three colors Marsala is made in?
Ambra (white grapes)
Oro (white grapes)
Rubino (red and up to max 30% white grapes)
85
What is the max amount of white grapes that can be used for Rubino Marsala?
max 30%
86
What is the max amount of white grapes that can be used for Rubino Marsala?
max 30%
87
What are the aging designations and requirements for Marsala?
Fine:
min 1 year in cask
Fine Superiore:
min 2 years in cask
Superiore Riserva:
min 4 years in cask
Vergine:
min 5 years in cask
Vergine Stravecchio:
min 10 years in cask
88
What are the aging designations and requirements for Marsala?
Fine:
min 1 year in cask
Superiore:
min 2 years in cask
Superiore Riserva:
min 4 years in cask
Vergine:
min 5 years in cask
Vergine Stravecchio:
min 10 years in cask
89
Why is Vergine Marsala always dry? (2 reasons)
One it is fortified after fermentation.
The addition of sifone and mosto cotto is forbidden
90
Does vintage Marsala exist? What does the vintage refer to?
Yes
Vintage refers to the year the Marsala was fortified.
91
For which styles of Marsala is the addition of sifone permitted? Mosto Cotto (Concia)?
Sifone is permitted for Rubino, Oro, and Ambra
Mosto Cotto is only for Ambra. Forbidden in the other styles.
Neither is allowed in Vergine Marsalas.
92
For how long must Marsala wines remain in "il perpetuum" if aged in this manner? What is the most common style?
min 5 years
Vergine styles are most common
93
What is the name of the bottom row of a solera? What is each row in a solera called? What is the name of the new vintage wine added to the top of the solera each year?
Solera is the name of the bottom row.
Each row in a solera is called the criadera.
Añada is the name for the wine added to the top each year.
94
What is Trasiegos?
The movement of sherry wine through the solera system usually resulting from the drawing off of wine from the bottom row (solera)
95
What are the red grapes permitted for Marsala Rubino?
Calabrese (Nero d'Avola)
Nerello Mascalese
Perricone
plus max 30% white grapes
96
What are the red grapes permitted for Marsala Rubino?
Calabrese (Nero d'Avola)
Nerello Mascalese
Perricone
plus max 30% white grapes
97
What are the historic acronyms for Marsala? What styles do they pertain to?
Fine:
I.P. or Italia Particolare
Marsala Superiore:
S.O.M. or Super Old Marsala
G.D. or Garibaldi Dolce
L.P. or London Particular
98
What does "Vecchio" mean on a bottle of Marsala?
The wine has met the min aging requirements for Marsala Superiore
99
What is the most prized grape for Marsala? What grape is used for mosto cotto production? What grape is used for Sifone?
Grillo is the most prized
Cataratto is used for mosto cotto
Late harvested Grillo grapes are used for Sifone
100
What is the most prized grape for Marsala? What grape is used for mosto cotto production? What grape is used for Sifone?
Grillo is the most prized
Cataratto is used for mosto cotto
Late harvested Grillo grapes are used for Sifone
101
What is the term for drawing sherry off of a solera?
"saca"
102
What is Vino de Calor? What are the two types of Vino de Calor used for the coloring of Sherry prior to bottling?
Vino de Calor is a combination of syrup and fresh grape must that is cooked and reduced and used for the purpose of coloring sherry
Sancocho:
if syrup is reduced to 1/3 its original volume
Arrope:
if syrup is reduced to 1/5 of its original volume
103
What are 2 French appellations for both fortified and unfortified wines?
Rasteau AOP
| Maury AOP
104
What styles are produced in Grand Roussillon AOP?
VDN Blanc
VDN Rouge
VDN Rosé
VDN Rancio
105
What is the geographic designation of Côte de Roussillon AOP? What does it require vs basic AOP?
Les Asprès
Min 3 varieties vs 2
Higher ABV 12.5% vs 12%
Higher min must weight
1 year aging
106
What are the grape requirements for Côtes du Roussillon Les Asprès?
Min 3 varieties must be present
No 2 combined may make up more than 90%
min 25% Mourvèdre plus max 50% Syrah and max 50% Grenache and max 25% Carignan
107
Les Asprès refers to what AOP? Tautavel, Lesquerde, Caramany, and La Tour de France rerfer to what AOP?
Les Après is a geographic subzone designation for Côtes du Roussillon AOP
Tautavel, Lesquerde, Caramany, and La Tour de France are geographic commune designations that may be appended to Côtes du Roussillon-Villages
108
According to EU law, VDN and VDL are separate styles?
False
The EU defines wine as "the product obtained exclusively from the total or partial alcoholic fermentation of fresh grapes, whether or not crushed, or of grape must"
So technically with the addition of spirit which was derived from wash that was the product of a fermentation both VDL and VDN are technically wine.
109
What was the first vintage of Seppeltsfield Grand Tawny?
1878
110
What are the different styles of Rivesaltes and what are their aging requirements?
VDN Rosé:(1 year roughly)
bottled no later than Dec 30 of year after harvest
VDN Grenat: (2 years roughly)
aged oxidatively until May 1 of year after harvest and bottled no later than June 30 of the second year after harvest.
VDN Ambré
VDN Tuilé:
Aged oxidatively for 3 years
VDN Hors d'Age (Tuilé or Ambré):
Aged oxidatively for 5 years
```
VDN Rancio (Tuilé or Ambré):
shows oxidative character
```
111
Min % of Grenache for Maury AOP Rouge vs VDN Grénat?
min 60% (max 80%) for rouge
100% Grenache for VDN Grénat
112
What is the difference between Maury AOP Grénat and Maury AOP Tuilé?
Grenat is aged reductively while Tuilé is aged oxidatively.
113
What are the 5 best Port vintages from 1960-2000?
1963, 1970, 1977, 1994, 2000
114
Select all the statements that are true applying to Rasteau, Maury, and Rivesaltes Rancio?
Must be minimum 15% alcohol
Must contain min 75% Grenache Noir
Must show oxidative characteristics
Must be aged for a min 5 years
Minimum must weight is 252g/L
Must be minimum 15% alcohol
Must show oxidative characteristics
Minimum must weight is 252g/L
115
What is the min % of Grenache in the following?
```
Maury Grenat
Maury Tuilé
Rivesaltes Grenat
Rivesaltes Tuile
Rasteau
Rasteau
```
```
Maury Grenat: 100%
Maury Tuilé: min 75%
Rivesaltes Grenat: 100%
Rivesaltes Tuilé: no min spec
Rasteau Grenat: min 75%
Rasteau Tuilé: min 75%
```
116
Which of the following does not produce VDN Blanc? Why?
Rivesaltes AOP
Maury AOP
Banyuls AOP
Rasteau AOP
Rivesaltes AOP
Because they produce their blanc VDN wines under the Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP.
117
Banyuls AOP makes the same VDN styles as Rivesaltes, Maury, and Rasteau plus the addition of what styles?
VDN "Rimage" (vintage)
| VDN Traditionelle: This is nv rouge
118
What is the max % of spirit that can be added in proportion to the whole blend for fixing alcoholic strength in Banyuls?
max 10%
119
Min aging for Banyuls AOP VDN rouge? Banyuls Grand Cru AOP VDN rouge?
Banyuls (12 months)
| Banyuls Grand Cru (min 30 months)
120
Min % of Grenache for Banyuls AOP rouge vs Banyuls Grand Cru AOP rouge?
Banyuls AOP rouge (min 50%):
called "Traditionelle"
Banyuls Grand Cru AOP (min 75%)
121
What is the min % of Grenache in Banyuls Rimage AOP?
min 90%
122
What is the difference between Banyuls Rimage and Banyuls Rimage Mise Tardive?
Mise Tardive refers to Banyuls AOP Rimage that has been bottled after at least 15 months in foudre.
Banyuls Rimage is usually bottled shortly after mutage.
Mise Tardive is richer and rounder due to the time in barrel.
Essentially a Late-Bottled Banyuls.
123
Are the names of grapes listed on the bottle of Banyuls?
No unless it is produced from a single varietal and then it is permitted.
The exception is that the grape Muscat may not appear on the bottle. A law put into place to maintain the distinction between Banyuls Blanc and the less prestigious nearby Muscat de Rivesaltes.
124
What do the following Madeira terms mean:
Poios
Latadas
Levadas
Torna Viagem
Poios:
Terraces upon which vines are planted.
Latadas:
Low trellises used for vine training
Levadas:
System of canals that transports water to the rest of the island.
Torna Viagem:
"Round Trip" Atlantic voyage that Madeira once took to achieve its flavor.
125
After sobretablas, wine destined to become Amontillado is classified as what?
Palma Cortada
126
What is the legal abv range for Moscatel de Setubal? What is the legal abv range for the major French VDN appellations? Port? Marsala?
16-22% (Moscatel de Setubal)
15-21.5% (French AOPs)
18-22% (Port)
Fine Marsala (17.5%)
Marsala Superiore, Superiore Riserva, Vergine styles, Solera (18%)
127
What is the max yield for Sherry production?
72.5L/100kg
128
What does Evelhecido em Garrafa mean on a bottle of LBV Port?
Means it was aged for an additional 3 years in bottle prior to release for LBV Port
129
What is Vino Vimblanc? Where is it produced? From what grapes?
Vino de Licor made in the town of Vinebre in the Monsant DO from 100% dried Pansa (Xarell-lo) grapes.
130
What is Vino Vimblanc? Where is it produced? From what grapes?
Vino de Licor made in the town of Vinebre in the Monsant DO from 100% dried Pansa (Xarell-lo) grapes.
131
What is the name of the Vino de Licor specialty wine of Monsant made from 100% dried Pansa grapes (Xarell-lo)? What town is it made in?
Vino Vim Blanc
132
Monsant was previously a sub zone of Tarragona. What was it called then?
Falset
133
Monsant was previously a sub zone of Tarragona. What was it called then?
Falset
134
What are the aging requirements for the following Tawny Styles? What's the difference?
Colheita
Reserve Tawny
Both are min 7 years in cask. Colheita is a single vintage. Reserve Tawny is usually not.
135
What are the aging requirements for Vintage Port?
Min 2 years aging and bottled by July 30 of the 3rd year following harvest.
May be sold from May 1 of 2nd year following harvest.
136
On a bottle of Port the aging designations 10 year, 20 year, 30 year, 40+ year refer to which style of Port? Which two additional aging designations can be labeled for this particular permutation of this style and what are the age requirements?
Tawny
Velho:
10-30 years old
Muito Velho:
over 40 years old
137
Max yield for Branco and Tinto port grapes respectively?
65hl/ha for Branco
| 55hl/ha for Tinto
138
Rounded to the nearest tenth what is the standard size of a pipe used for shipping port?
532L
139
What are the 6 aging designations of Madeira and their requirements?
Vinho de Canteiro:
2 years in wood and may not be bottled until 3 years after the final fortification
Vinho de Estufagem:
may be bottled after 12 months following the etufagem process
Colheita:
min 5 years following the harvest
Frasqueira:
min 20 years in wood
Solera:
min 5 years
140
What are the 3 vintage-dated styles of Madeira?
Colheita:
min 85% of stated vintage and aged for min 5 years following harvest.
Frasqueira:
min 85% stated vintage and aged for min 20 Years in wood
Vinho da Roda/Torna/Volta:
archaic rarity where the wine made the traditional round trip journey
141
What are the 7 styles of multi vintage Madeira? Aging?
Rainwater
Seleccionado: at least 3 but below 5
Reserve: at least 5 but below 10 years
Special Reserve: at least 10 but below 15
Extra Reserve: at least 15 but below 20
5/10/15/20/30/40/Over 50
Solera: min 5 years in solera
142
What does "Colheita" mean?
harvest
143
What does "Vendemmia" mean?
harvest
144
What does "Vendange" mean?
harvest
145
What are the three parts of a pressing for Sherry?
Primera Yema:
free-run that accounts for 6070%
Segunda Yema:
Press wine
Mosta Prensa:
Poorer quality press wine used for distillation
146
What is the cabeceo?
Cabeceo is the process of sweetening and blending Sherry prior to bottling.
147
What are 3 Island DOPs of Portugal making fortified wine?
Madeira DOP
Pico DOP
Biscoitos DOP
148
What are the 3 DOPs of Açores? Which are for fortified wines?
```
Biscoitos DOP (fortified)
Pico DOP (fortified)
Graciosa DOP
```
149
What are the 3 DOPs of Açores? Which are for fortified wines?
```
Biscoitos DOP (fortified)
Pico DOP (fortified)
Graciosa DOP
```
150
If a Sherry is bottled from the solera without being blended and sweetened what is it called? If it is blended and sweetened after solera what is it called?
Vino Generoso if not blended and/or sweetened
Vino Generoso de Licor if blended and sweetened following solera with Vino de Licor and/or concentrated grape must
151
Must Aguardente used for Port be produced in Portugal?
no
152
What is the largest Jerez Pago? Where is it? What are two other pagos there?
Macharnudo
Jerez de la Frontera
Añina and Carrascal are also there.
