Portugal Flashcards
What was the Treaty of Windsor
A treaty signed between Portugal and England establishing a diplomatic alliance to create trade between the two kingdoms in 1386
What was the Treaty of Methuen
Treaty signed between Portugal and England establishing a trade agreement between the two nations giving preferential tariffs to Portuguese wine in 1703
What did the Douro Wine Company achieve
- Established the boundaries and practices of the Douro appellation in 1756.
- Developed a methodology for grading Port vineyards and authorized each individual farmer’s production allotment based on the grade
- Worked to eliminate fraudulent wine making practices to gain back trust from the English market
- It is now known as the Royal Oporto Wine Company but its regulatory functions were lost over time.
- Today the Government-run Douro Port Wine Institute manages the appellation and its regulations
What was the only Portuguese DOP entirely spared from Phylloxera
Colares in Lisboa
Discuss the aging requirements for Garrafeira wine is Portugal for reds, whites, rosés and Port
White/Rosé: Minimum 12 months including 6 in bottle
Red: Minimum 30 months including 12 in bottle
Port: Following a few years aging in barrels, the Port is matured for at least 8 years in glass Demijohns
Garrafeira means “Private wine cellar” and may be put on vintage-dated DOP or IGP wines
What does reserva indicate on a bottle of Portuguese wine
Alcohol content is at least 0.5% higher than the legal minimum established by the DOP or IGP; stricter requirements in individual DOP’s may supersede this standard
What does reserva indicate on a bottle of Portuguese sparkling wine
minimum period of 12 months spent of the lees prior to disgorgment
What does Colheita Seleccionada indicate on a bottle of Portuguese wine
minimum 1% higher alcohol content than that established by the regional appellation
What is the most grown red grape of Portugal
Castelão
What is Jaen
Portugues synonym for Mencia
What is Bical Tinto
Portuguese synonym for Touriga Nacional
What is Mortágua Preto
Portuguese synonym for Toruiga Nacional
What is Aragonez
Portuguese synonym for Tinta Roriz, AKA Tempranillo
What is the most planted white grape of Portugal
Fernão Pires, known as Maria Gomes in Bairrada
What is Esgana Cão
Portuguese synonym for Sercial on the mainland meaning “dog strangler”
In which IGP do you find Vinho Verde DOP
Minho IGP
What is the largest DOP of Portugal
Vinho Verde DOP
Define Enforcado
Pergola training method in Portugal
What method is used to create sparkles in bottles of Vinho Verde
Whites: Slight Carbonation before bottling
Reds: Malolactic Fermentation inside the bottle
Name the subregions of Vinho Verde DOP from North to South
- Monção e Melgaço
- Lima
- Cávado
- Basto
- Ave
- Sousa
- Amarante
- Baião
- Paiva
What style of wine is Monção e Melgaço known for in Vinho Verde DOP
Varietal bottlings of Alvarinho in both still and sparkling versions
What are the main red grapes for red Vinho Verde DOP
- Amaral
- Borraçal
- Alvarelhão
What are the main white grapes for white Vinho Verde DOP
- Alvarinho
- Avesso
- Loureiro
- Trajadura
What non-contiguous DOP is located within Transmontano IGP
Trás-os-Montes DOP
In what IGP were Douro and Porto located before the created on Duriense IGP
Transmontano
What is Bastardo
Portuguese synonym for Trousseau
Name the 3 subregions of Trás-os-Montes DOP in the Transmontano IGP
- Chaves
- Valpaços
- Planalto Mirandés
What subregion of Trás-os-Montes does not allow for Alicante Bouschet in their reds
Valpaços
What two DOPs are located within the Duriense IGP
- Douro DOP
- Porto DOP
What is the preferred soil type for Port
Schist
Name the subregions of Douro and Porto DOP
- Baixo Corgo
- Cima Corgo
- Douro Superior
Where would you find the Marão Mountains
Douro/Porto DOP
Where would you find the Montemuro Mountains
Douro/Porto DOP
What was the significance of the town Vila Nova de Gaia in Port production
Vila Nova de Gaia is a suburb of seaside Oporto where up until 1986, all Port wines were required by law to be aged and shipped from
What are the requirements for white/rosé/red Douro wines to be labeled reserva
White/Rosé: Minimum alcohol of 11.5% (as opposed to 10.5% standard) and a minimum 6 months aging
Red: Minimum alcohol of 12% (opposed to 11% standard) and a minimum 1 year aging
Name the 4 IGP’s of Beiras
- Terras do Dão
- Terras de Cister
- Terras da Beira
- Beira Atlantico
Name the 5 most important red grapes for quality Douro red wines
- Touriga Nacional
- Touriga Franca
- Tinta Roriz
- Tinta Cão
- Tinta Barroca
- Tinta Amarela (Trincadeira)
Name the 4 most important white grapes for quality Douro white wine
- Malvasia Fina
- Viosinho
- Rabigato
- Gouveio
Name the DOP’s of Terras do Dão IGP
- Dão DOP
- Lafões DOP
Name the DOP of Beira Atlantico IGP
Bairrada DOP
Name the DOP of Terras de Cister IGP
Távora-Varosa DOP
Name the DOP of Terras de Beira IGP
Beira Interior DOP
For what grape is Tinta Amarela a synonym
Trincadeira
Name the subregions of Dão DOP
- Serra da Estrela
- Besteiros
- Castendo
- Silgueiros
- Terras de Azurara
- Terras de Senhorim
- Alva
Name the subzone of Bairadda DOP
Terras do Sicó (Beira Atlantico IGP, Beiras)
What is the most important grape of Bairrada DOP
Reds: Baga required at a minimum 50%
Whites: Bical, Maria Gomes (Fernão Pires) and Arinto
What DOP in Beiras is best known for sparkling wine production
Távora-Varosa DOP located within Terras de Cister IGP
What style of wine is Távora-Varosa DOP known for
Sparkling wine (Terras de Cister IGP, Beiras)
Name the three subzones of Beira Interior
- Beira Castelo Rodrigo
- Cova da Beira
- Pinhel
What is the preferred soil type for Dão DOP wines
Granite
Where would you find the Serra do Caramulo
The Serra do Caramulo mountains are located in Dão DOP and serve to protect the region from the Atlantic Ocean
Where would you find the Serra de Estrela
The Serra de Estrela mountains are found in the Dão DOP and serve to protect the region from the southeast (This is also the name of a subregion in the Dão)
What is Portugal’s highest mountain range. Where is it located
Sera de Estrela located in the Dão in Beiras
Name 4 recommended red grapes for Dão DOP
- Touriga Nacional
- Touriga Franca
- Tinta Cão
- Trincadeira
- Aragonez (Tinta Roriz, Tempranillo)
Name 3 recommended white grapes for Dão DOP
- Encruzado
- Bical
- Cercial
If a bottle of Dão DOP wine is labeled Garrafeira, how is the minimum ABV effected
Min ABV is increased to 11.5% from 11%
What are the requirements for a bottle of red Dão wine to be labeled as nobre
- Minimum 15% Touriga Nacional
- Maximum 85% Jaen, Rufete, Alfrocheiro and Aragonez
- Minimum three years aging
- 12% ABV
What are the requirements for a bottle of white Dão wine to be labeled as nobre
- Minimum 15% Encruzado
- Maximum 85% Cercial, Bical, Malvasia Fina and Verdelho
- One year aging before release
- 11.5% ABV
What are the aging and ABV requirements for Dão nobre reserva red wines
- 12.5% ABV
- 42 months age
What are the aging and ABV requirements for Dão nobre reserva white wines
- 12% ABV
- One year aging before release
What are the age and ABV requirements for Dão nobre Garrafeira red wines
- 12.5% ABV
- 48 months total age including 18 months in the bottle
What are the age and ABV requirements for Dão nobre Garrafeira white wines
- 12% ABV
- 18 months total age including 9 months in the bottle
What does the term “Bairrada Classico” indicate on a label or Bairrada DOP wine
- The wine maker has only used traditional native grapes for the wine
- Min 12.5% alcohol instead of the 11% required by the DOP
Name the DOPs of Lisboa
- Encostas de Aire
- Obidos
- Lourinhã
- Alenquer
- Torres Vedras
- Arruda
- Bucelas
- Colares
- Carcavelos
Name the two suberegions of Encostas de Aire DOP in Lisboa IGP
- Ourém
- Alcobaça
What DOP of Lisboa IGP produces aguardiente rather than wine
Lourinhã
What style of wine is designated to Bucelas DOP
Still and sparkling white wine only based on:
- 75% Arinto (Perdernã)
- Sercial (Esgana Cão) and Rabo de Ovelha
(Lisboa IGP)
What style of wine is designated to Colares DOP
Tinto: 80% Ramsico with Castelão not able to exceed 10% of the blend
Branco: 80% Malvasia
(Lisboa IGP)
What is Chão de Areia
Sandy soil in Colares DOP which is resistant to phylloxera and contains ungrafted vines
What is Chão Rija
This is a harder soil type than Chão de Areia sand and within this soil you find Castelão as the dominantly planted grape. However, Castelão can still never comprise more than 10% of a Colares DOP wine
What is Colares DOP known for
Red and white wines made from Ramisco and Malvasia respectively.
These vines grow in sandy soil called Chão de Areia which has never been touched by phylloxera so all of the vines in Colares DOP are ungrafted
Also, the vines are oddly planted in trenches to protected them from salty marine winds
What style of wine is designated to Carcavelos DOP
Tinto: Min 75% combined
- Castelão
- Preto Martinho (Negra Mole)
Branco: Min 75% combined
- Arinto
- Ratinho
- Galego Dourado
These wines are fermented dry and then fortified and sweeted with “vinho abafado” which is a partially fermented must preserved with alcohol. The finished wine is therefore considered Licoroso
(Libsoa IGP)
What is Vinho Abafado
Vinho Abafado is a partially fermented must preserved with alcohol used to make Licoroso style wines, specifically within the DOP of Carcavelos within Lisboa IGP
Name the DOPs of the Peninsula de Setúbal
- Setúbal
- Palmela
What is the main red grape for Palmela DOP
Castelão mandated at a minimum 66.7%
Peninsula de Setúbal IGP
What style of wine is designated to Setúbal DOP
Vinhos Licoroso some of which see the “torna viagem” (round trip) maturation process of madeira
White: Minimum 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Muscat d’Alexandria) (Moscatel Graúdo)
Red: Minimum 67% Moscatel Galego Roxo
Licoroso wines Varietally labeled as “Moscatel Roxo” or “Moscatel de Setúbal” require 85% minimum of the grape
(Peninsula de Setúbal IGP)
Min/Max alcohol for Setúbal Vinho Licoroso
16% Minimum
22% Maximum
Where would you find the Tagus River
Tejo IGP
What is Ribatejo
The former name for Do Tejo DOP
In what IGP would you find the DOP Do Tejo
Tejo IGP
Name the subregions of Do Tejo DOP
- Almeirim
- Cartaxo
- Charmusca
- Coruche
- Santarém
- Tomar
Where would you find the Serra de São Mamede
The Serra de São Mamede is a mountain range in northern Alentejano IGP noted mostly for being where the DOP of Portalegre is located which is the most promising area of the Alentejano IGP in Portugal
What IGP of Portugal is known for its plantations of Quercus Subur. What is this?
Alentejano IGP is known for having large plantations of Quercus Subur– Cork Trees
Name the subregions of Alentejo DOP
- Portalegre
- Borba
- Redondo
- Evora
- Reguengos
- Granja-Amareleja
- Vidigueira
- Moura
Name the DOPs of the Açores (Azores) Islands
- Pico
- Biscoitos
- Graciosa
On what Açores Island would you find the DOP of Bicoitos
Terceira
What is the only DOP of the Açores authorized for non fortified still white wine
Graciosa DOP
Name the two DOPs of Terras Madeirenses IGP
- Madeira
- Madeirense
What is Madeirense DOP
Madeirense DOP is the appellation for unfortified wines from the Terras Madeirenses IGP. They are rarely exported
What are the three main growing regions of Madeira
- Madeira North Side
- Madeira South Side (Contains Funchal)
- Porto Santo
What is a “Casta” in Portugal
Term for grape varietal
What Portuguese appellation for wine no longer exists since the DOP status came into existence
IPR
Name the two subzones of the Northern Half of Lisboa IGP
- Estremadura
- Alta Estremadura
Name the DOPs of Algarve IGP
- Lagos
- Portimão
- Lagoa
- Tavira
What grape comprises a minimum 15% of all Dão Nobre Tinto wines
Touriga Nacional
What grape comprises a minimum 15% of all Dão Nobre Branco wines
Encruzado
What is Maria Gomez
Synonym for Fernão Pires (Most planted white of Portugal) in Bairrada
What is Bagaceira
Portuguese spirit made from pomace
