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Biology assessment 2 > Population genetics, genetic variation, meiosis > Flashcards

Population genetics, genetic variation, meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is continuous variation

A

individuals in a population vary within range

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2
Q

What’re 2 examples of continuous variation

A
  • Waist circumference

- Fur length

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3
Q

What’s discontinuous variation

A

2 or more distinct categories

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4
Q

Can different species have different genes

A

Yes

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5
Q

How did individuals of the same species have the same genes

A

they have different versions of them called alleles

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6
Q

What do the genes and alleles of an organism make up

A

its genotype

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7
Q

What type of reproduction creates variation

A

Sexual reproduction

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8
Q

What does differences in genotype lead to

A

variation in phenotype

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9
Q

What is phenotype

A

Characteristics displayed by an organism

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10
Q

How does random fusion of gametes during fertilisation affect offspring

A

increases genetic variation

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11
Q

What’s an example of phenotypic variation

A

human blood group, 3 different blood group alleles result in 4 different blood groups

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12
Q

What does it mean if it your phenotype is polygenic

A

your phenotype is influenced by many genes

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13
Q

What’s an example of polygenic phenotype

A

Skin colour as there’s loads of different shades

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14
Q

What does it mean if your phenotype is monogenic

A

characteristics are only controlled by one gene

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15
Q

What’s an example of a monogenic phenotype

A

Violet flower can either be coloured or white

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16
Q

What’re examples from the environment that can cause variation

A

climate
food
lifestyle

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17
Q

What’s etiolation

A

When plants grow abnormally long and spindly due to lack of light

18
Q

What’s chlorosis

A

when plants don’t produce enough chlorophyll and turn yellow

19
Q

What causes Chlorosis

A

lack of magnesium in soil

20
Q

What influences how an organism develops

A

The environment

21
Q

When phenotype is influenced by genetics and environment what variation type is it

A

continuous variation

22
Q

What’re examples of phenotype that’s influenced by environment and genetics

A
  • height of pea plants

- body mass in animals

23
Q

What is the genetic term Gene

A

Sequence of bases on DNA that codes for a protein

24
Q

What is the genetic term Allele

A

a different version of a gene

25
Q

What is the genetic term genotype

A

alleles an organism has BB, Bb, bb for eye colour

26
Q

What is the genetic term phenotype

A

the characteristics the alleles produce (brown eyes)

27
Q

What is the genetic term dominant

A

An allele whose characteristic appears in the phenotype even when there’s only one copy

28
Q

What is the genetic term recessive

A

An allele whose characteristic appears in the phenotype if 2 copies are present

29
Q

What is the genetic term codominant

A

Alleles that’re both expressed in the phenotype (neither is recessive)

30
Q

What is the genetic term locus

A

The fixed position of a gene on a chromosome

31
Q

What is the genetic term homozygote

A

An organism that carries 2 copies of the same allele (BB or bb)

32
Q

What is the genetic term heterozygote

A

an organism that carries 2 different alleles (Bb)

33
Q

What is the genetic term carrier

A

A person carrying an allele which isn’t expressed in the phenotype, but can’t be passed on to offspring

34
Q

What’s the hardy Weinberg principle

A

p2+2pq+q2=1

p+q=1

35
Q

What is p the value of

A

dominant allele

36
Q

What is q the value of

A

recessive allele

37
Q

What is p2 the value of

A

homozygous dominant genotype

38
Q

What is 2pq the value of

A

hetrozygous genotype

39
Q

What is q2 the value of

A

homozygous recessive genotype

40
Q

When is the hardy-Weinberg prediction only true

A
  • large population
  • no immigration
  • emigration
  • mutations or natural selection
41
Q

What’re weinberg equations used to estimate

A

frequency of particular alleles and genotypes within populations

Biology assessment 2 (9 decks)

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