Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology assessment 2 > kidney > Flashcards

kidney Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What’re the 3 main areas of the kidney

A
  • cortex
  • medulla
  • pelvis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What usually surrounds the kidney

A

protective layer of fat and a layer of fibrous connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s the kidney involved in

A
  • excretion

- osmoregulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What structures make up the kidney

A

millions of small nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do nephrons do

A

act as filtering units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does urine pass out of the kidney

A

down tubules called ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens when the bladder is full

A

the sphincter at the exit to the bladder opens and the urine passes out down the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens in the cortex of the kidney

A

filtering of blood takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’re the features of the cortex

A

dense capillary network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the capillary network in the cortex do

A

carry’s blood from the renal artery to the nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What’s darker in colour the cortex or the medulla, of the kidney

A

cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the medulla contain

A

tubules of the nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do tubules of the nephrons form

A

pyramids of the kidney and the collecting ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s the pelvis of the kidney

A

the central chamber material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens in the central chamber material of the kidney

A

urine collects before passing out down the ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are nephrons function in the kidney

A

filter the blood removing nitrogenous wastes and balancing mineral ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What substances do nephrons reabsorb

A
  • water
  • glucose
  • salts
18
Q

What’re the 5 structures of a nephron

A
  • Bowman’s capsule
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • loop of Henle
  • distal convoluted tubule
  • collecting duct
19
Q

What does the bowmans capsule contain

A

the glomerulus (tangle of capillaries)

20
Q

Why do high amounts of blood enter the glomerulus

A

more blood enters than leaves due to ultrafiltration process

21
Q

Where is the proximal convoluted tubule found

A

in the cortex of the kidney

22
Q

What occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule

A

substances needed by the body are reabsorbed into the blood

23
Q

What does the loop of henle do

A

creates a region of high solute conc in tissue fluid deep in the kidney

24
Q

What’s the formation of the loop of henle

A

runs from cortex through the medulla to a hairpin bend at the bottom of the loop

25
Q

When travelling down the loop of henle what is released

A

H20 higher conc the lower you go

26
Q

when travelling up the loop of henle what is released

A

NaCl (salt) lower conc the higher you go

27
Q

why are different conc released in different parts of the kidney

A

due to water potential and osmosis

28
Q

What is the distal convoluted tubules role

A

fine tuning of the water balance of the body and ion balance and pH of blood

29
Q

In the distal convoluted tubule what does the permeability of the walls to water vary on

A

in response to levels of ADH in the blood

30
Q

What occurs in the collecting duct

A

fine tuning of the water balance

31
Q

What’re the walls of the collecting sensitive to

A

ADH

32
Q

Does blood leaving the kidney have high or low levels of urea

A

low levels

33
Q

Does blood leaving the kidney have high or low levels of glucose and AA

A

relatively the same

34
Q

What is urine made up of

A
  • Water and dissolved salts
  • urea
  • hormones
  • excess vitamins
35
Q

What doesn’t urine usually contain

A
  • proteins and BC
  • glucose
  • AA
  • vitamins
36
Q

Why aren’t proteins and BC found on urine

A

they’re to big to be filtered out of the blood

37
Q

Why aren’t glucose AA and vitamins in the blood

A

they’re actively reabsorbed back into the blood

38
Q

Where does selective reabsorption take place

A
  • filtrate flows along the proximal convoluted tube
  • through the loop of henle
  • along distal convoluted tubule
39
Q

What happens to useful substances in the kidney

A

leave tubules of the nephron and enter the capillary network

40
Q

How is some urea reabsorbed

A

diffusion

41
Q

How can you tell the difference between the cortex and medulla

A

cortex is a lighter shade than the medulla

Biology assessment 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions