Immobilised enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What can isolated enzymes used in industry do

A

become mixed in with the products of a reaction

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2
Q

Why are isolated enzymes complicated and expensive

A

the products need to be separated from the mixture

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3
Q

How do large scale industries avoid the expensive cost of isolated enzymes

A

They use immobilised enzymes

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4
Q

What’re immobilised enzymes

A

enzymes that’re attached to an insoluble material

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5
Q

What does it mean if the enzymes attached to an insoluble material

A

they cannot become mixed with other products

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6
Q

What’re the 3 main ways enzymes are immobilised

A
  • Encapsulated in jelly like alginate beats
  • trapped in a silica gel matrix
  • Covalently bonded to cellulose or collagen fibres
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7
Q

What happens to the substrate solution in industry

A

for a reaction it’s run through a column of immobilised enzymes

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8
Q

Can active sites in enzymes still be activated when immobilised?

A

yeah they’re still available to catalyse

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9
Q

What’re advantages of using immobilised enzymes

A
  • columns of enzymes can be washed and reused
  • the product isn’t mixed with the enzymes
  • immobilised enzymes are more stable than free enzymes
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10
Q

What’re disadvantages of immobilised enzymes

A
  • extra equipment required
  • expensive
  • not economical for smaller scale production
  • reduction of enzyme activity
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11
Q

Why is the enzyme activity decreased in immobilised enzymes

A

can’t freely mix with their substrate

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12
Q

What do immobilised enzymes convert lactose to

A

glucose to galactose

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13
Q

What are immobilised enzymes involved in the production of

A

Semi-synthetic penicillin’s

production of pure samples of L-Amino acids

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14
Q

Why is conversion of lactose to glucose important

A

people are unable to digest lactose cus they don’t produce enough of the enzyme lactase

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15
Q

What happens when fresh milk is passed over immobilised lactase

A

Produces lactose free milk

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16
Q

Why is semi-synthetic penicillin produced

A

they’re effective against penicillin resistant organisms

17
Q

What do immobilised enzymes convert Dextrins into

A

Glucose

18
Q

What’re glucose and glucose syrup used for in industry

A

sweeten and thicken foods

19
Q

What do immobilised enzymes convert glucose to

A

Fructose

20
Q

What is fructose used for

A

a sugar that’s much sweeter than glucose used as a sweetener in food

21
Q

What’re the 2 chemical isomers for amino acids

A

L or D

22
Q

What enzyme is used to convert glucose to fructose

A

immobilised glucose isomerase

23
Q

What enzyme converts Dextrins to glucose

A

immobilised enzyme glucoamylase

24
Q

What enzyme is used in the production of semi-synthetic penicillin

A

immobilised penicillin acylase

25
Q

What enzyme is used in the production of pure samples of L-amino acids

A

Immobilised aminoacylase

26
Q

How is lactase broken down into glucose and galactose

A

hydrolysis reaction