Population genetics

Question 1

What is a polymorphic locus?

Answer 1

A locus with more than one allele.

Question 2

Gene diversity averaged over poly and monomorphic sites is referred to as…

Answer 2

Nucleotide diversity.

Question 3

When there is no association between locus A and locus B, we have linkage…

Answer 3

Equilibrium.

Question 4

When locus A can perfectly predict locus B, we have:

Answer 4

Linkage disequilibrium.

Question 5

When counting allele frequency, do homozygotes count as 2?

Answer 5

Yes.

Question 6

What are three assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg?

Answer 6

1. Infinite population.
2. Random mating.
3. No mutation/migration.

Question 7

When allele frequency is 100%, we have:

Answer 7

Fixation.

Question 8

When allele frequency is 0%, we have:

Answer 8

Extinction.

Question 9

What are the three conditions for natural selection and evolution?

Answer 9

1. Variation
2. Heredity
3. Selection

Question 10

What is it called when homozygotes have the highest fitness?

Answer 10

Directional selection.

Question 11

What is it called when heterozygotes have the highest fitness?

Answer 11

Balancing selection (overdominance).

Question 12

What is it called when a mutant is fixated and becomes the new wildtype?

Answer 12

Substitution.

Question 13

What is relative fitness (w)?

Answer 13

Viable offspring divided by possible viable offspring.

Question 14

Define effective population size (Ne).

Answer 14

The ability of a population to maintain genetic variation in the face of drift.

Question 15

What are two factors that could affect effective population size?

Answer 15

1. Bottlenecks.
2. Skewed sex ratios.