Population Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Population Ecology

A

Studying the structure and dynamics of populations and their interactions with the environment

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2
Q

Genet

A

Genetic individual arising from a zygote

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3
Q

Ramets

A

Modules produced asexually by the genet

Clones

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4
Q

Characteristics of Populations

A

Population Structure

Spatial

Temporal

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5
Q

Population Structure

A

Proportions of individuals of various ages, stages, sizes and sexes

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6
Q

Spatial

A

Distribution and range

Abundance and density

Spatial dispersion pattern (spacing of individuals)

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7
Q

Temporal

A

Populations changes (movement of individuals via immigration and emigration(

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8
Q

Demography

A

Statistical study of the size and structure of populations and changes within them

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9
Q

Age/Stage/Size Structure part of Demography

A

Age, stage. size of individuals will influence reproductive rates, death rates, vigor, survival

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10
Q

What is Age/Stage/Size Structure characterized by?

A

Specific age categories

Life history stages (pre-reproductive, reproductive, post-reproductive)

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11
Q

How is age structure of a population determined?

A

Determining the age distribution of its members

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12
Q

What techniques are used to age animals?

A

Tooth wear, skull characteristics, plumage changes.

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13
Q

Primary Sex Ratio

A

Sex ratio at conception, tend towards 1:1

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14
Q

Secondary Sex Ratio

A

Ratio at birth

Tends to be weighted towards mals, but can shift towards females in adult age classes, due to physiological and behavioural differences

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15
Q

What are Sex Ratio Shifts caused by?

A

Condition of mother, time of season, temperature, differential survival

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16
Q

Distribution of Population

A

Spatial location based on the presence or absence of individuals, can be measured at multiple scales

17
Q

How is the distribution of a population determined?

A

Presence or absence of suitable habitat

18
Q

Geographic Range

A

Area that encompasses all individuals of a species

19
Q

Limits of Geographic Range

A

Geographic barriers to colonization

Interactions between organisms

20
Q

Range Expansion

A

Result for populations that have been introduced to a region where they did not previously exist

21
Q

Abundance

A

Size of a population, the total number of individuals in a population in a given area

22
Q

Factors affecting Abundance

A

Area and population density

23
Q

Population Density

A

Individuals per unit area

24
Q

Ways of measuring abundance

A

Crude Density

Ecological Density

25
Crude Density
Number of individuals per unit area/volume
26
Ecological Density
Number of individuals per unit are or per unit volume that is habitable
27
Dispersion
Position of individuals relative to each other
28
Patterns of Dispersion
Random Uniform Clumped
29
Random
An individuals's position is independent of others
30
Uniform
Often results from negative interaction among individuals
31
Clumped
Most Common Results from patchy environmental conditions and resources, social grouping and interactions, ramet dynamics