Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ECOL 1111 > Environmental Conditions and Resources > Flashcards

Environmental Conditions and Resources Flashcards

1
Q

Mimicry

A

Physical resemblance of two or more species resulting from inherit advantages of similar appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Imitative species

A

Mimic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Model

A

Species that imitative species resembles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of Mimicry

A

Batesian
Mullerian
Aggressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Batesian Mimicry

A

Benign species resembles a noxious or dangerous one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mullerian Mimicry

A

Noxious species come to resemble each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aggressive Mimicry

A

Noxious or dangerous species comes to resemeble a benign one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Contemporary Evolution

A

Evolution due to human involvement (Peppered moth in Britain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contemporary Evolution Causes

A

Habitat loss and degradation

Overharvesting and exotic species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contemporary Evolution Inculences

A

Population size
Genetic Variation
Strenth of selection
Geneflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are adaptations shaped?

A

Interactions with the environment and interactions between individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Habitability

A

Ability of physical environment to support life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do organisms interact with the physical environment over time?

A

Adaptation

Acclimatization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adaptation

A

Over many generations the physical environment is a guiding force of natural selection
Irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acclimatization

A

Over shorter periods of the physical environment influences resource availability and an organism’s physiology
Reversible, seasonal in nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Condition

A

An abiotic environmental factor which varies in space and time, and to which organisms are deferentially responsive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Resource

A

That which may be consumed by an organism and as a result, becomes unavailable to other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Climate

A

General description of the average temperature and rainfall conditions of a region over the course of a year (or longer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What drives Climate?

A

Differences in solar radiation to the Earth’s surface produce unequal heating and induce pressure gradients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What transports heat?

A

Ocean currents

This can modify climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Macroclimate

A

Climate over larger geographic areas (zones, continents, oceans, planet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Microclimate

A

Macro-climate interactions with local landscape produces small scale climactic variation
The actual conditions experienced by an organisms in its particular location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Micro-climate influenced by?

A

Drainage, altitude, aspect, vegetation, color of the ground, presence of boulders/burrows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the difference between weather and climate?

A

Measurement of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Differences: Weather

A

Combination of temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, cloudiness and other atmospheric conditions occurring at a specific place and time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Difference: Climate

A

Long term average pattern of weather, how the atmosphere’behaves’ over relatively long periods of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What controls Climate?

A 
Latitude
Land and Water
Landforms
Elevation
Ocean and Wind Currents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Latitude

A

Varying, changing amounts of energy from the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Land and Water

A

Heat at different rates

Large bodies of water moderate nearby land temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Landforms

A

Hills and mountains can alter wind flow

Exposed side can have different climate than sheltered side (rain shadows)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Elevation

A

Higher up = temperature, moisture air pressure decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ocean and Wind Currents

A

Circulation of warm and cold air around Earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the goal of Land Classification?

A

Simplify information so that it an be used for planning and management purposes
Can contribute to the goal of conserving a full array of natural diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Two Systems of Land Classification

A

Natural Regions and Subregions

Ecoregions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Natural Regions and Sub regions

A

Emphasis on predominance of geological or sail factors

Primarily used for ecosystem and biodiversity conservation purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Ecoregions

A

Emphasis on climate as a determinant of structure

Primarily use for agriculture, forestry, recreation and wildlie management purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What classification system is used in Alberta?

A

Natural Regions and Subregions classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What natural features does Alberta use to classify regions?

A 
Geology
Landform
Hydrology
Soils
Climate
Vegetation
Wildlife
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Regions in Alberta

A 
Boreal Forest
Rocky Mountain
Foothills
Canadian Shield
Parkland
Grassland
40
Q

Boreal Forest

A

Largest region in Alberta
Broad lowland plains and isolated hill systems
Vegetation = mixed and coniferous forests

41
Q

Rocky Mountain

A

Defined by mountain range
Highly varied with grasslands, deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests and alpine tundra
River systems start in this area, water courses tend to be steep, fast and cold

42
Q

Foothills

A

Transitional zone between boreal forest and Rock Mountains
Flat topped hills surrounded by mixed wood forests.
Forests consist f=mostly of lodgepole pines with white spruce and aspen poplar occur on borders with Boreal Forest

43
Q

Canadian Shield

A

Far northeastern portion
Exposed bedrock, jack pine woodlands, rock barrens and black spruce bogs
Extensive sand plains, dune complexes and moraines. Lakes are common

44
Q

Parkland

A

Transitional zone between Grasslands and Coniferous forests.
Wetter than Grasslands with more permanent streams, lakes and wetlands.
Aspen and Balsam poplar woodlands and Rough Fescue grasslands

45
Q

Grasslands

A

Southern Alberta west of Rocky Mountains
Flat/gently rolling plain with valley systems containing coulees, ravines and intermittent water courses.
Valleys often contain extensive badlands
Permanent water courses have cottonwoods and a variety of tall and low shrubs

46
Q

Differences in Adaptation and Acclimatization

A

Adaptation increases function associated with genetic change where acclimatization increase function that can’t be passed on to offspring

47
Q

Strategies of Resistance to environmental conditions

A

Tolerance

Avoidance

48
Q

Tolerance

A

Persist in the face of adversity, ability to survive abiotic stress, including internal regulation

49
Q

Internal regulation

A

Physiological Adaptaions

50
Q

Avoidance

A

Keep the external condition constant via evasion

External regulation

51
Q

External Regulation

A

Behavioural response to detrimental environmental

52
Q

Resistance to conditions by regulation: Dormancy

A

Torpor
Hibernation
Stratification
Diapause

53
Q

Torpor

A

Short term, driven by ambient temperature and food availability

54
Q

Hibernation

A

Longer term, driven by day length and hormone change

55
Q

Stratification

A

Seed dormancy, seed coat softened by cold moist weather

56
Q

Diapause

A

Developmental delays in response to adverse environmental conditions

57
Q

Resistance to conditions by avoidance: Migration

A

Behavioural response of moving away

Long distance movement of individuals, usually seasonal

58
Q

Triggers of migration

A

Local climate

Local food/resource availability

59
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Consumers

60
Q

Autotrphs

A

Primary Producer

61
Q

How can food be obtained?

A

Decomposition
Parasitism
Predation

62
Q

What can consumers be?

A

Generalists

Specialists

63
Q

Niche

A

The range of a single condition or resource in one dimension.

64
Q

Hypervolume

A

Multidimensional space of all resources (more conditions and resources, n-dimension)

65
Q

Habitat

A

Place where a plant or animal lives

66
Q

What is habitat influenced by?

A

Environmental conditions and resources
Other organisms
Can be selected or matter of chance

67
Q

Habitat Selection

A

Should allow survival and successful reproduction (suitable conditions and resources)
In vertebrates is likely a genetic trait (adaptation) which can be modified by learning and experience

68
Q

Order of Habitat Selection

A

4 Orders

69
Q

1st Order Selection

A

Selection of the physical or geographic range of a species

70
Q

2nd Order Selection

A

Determines the home range of a species

71
Q

3rd Order Selection

A

Pertains to the usage of various habitat components withing the home range

72
Q

4th Order Selection

A

Involves the selection of feeding sites and the procurement of food items

73
Q

Regulator

A

Physiological or behavioural control over internal body temperature

74
Q

Non-Regulator

A

Exert no physiological or behavioural control over internal body temp

75
Q

Homeotherm

A

Maintain a relatively constant internal body temperature

76
Q

Poikilotherms

A

Allow internal body temperature to vary with environment

77
Q

Ectotherm

A

Rely on external sources of heat for thermoregulation, usually poikilotherms, but ectothermic homeotherms can exist
(fish, amphibians, reptiles, insects, invertebrates)

78
Q

Endotherms

A

Use physiological mechanisms (metabolic heat) to control body temperature
Maintain a fairly constant internal temperature independent of external environment
(birds/mammals)

79
Q

Requirements for Metabolic Regulation

A

Higher Vertebrates
Physiology (ability to be warm despite cold temperature)
Ability to acquire food for long term
Adaptations

80
Q

Adaptations created for Metabolic Regulation

A

Physiological changes accompanied by behavioural adjustments

Morphological features

81
Q

Homeothermy Adaptations

A

Fur, buzz flight muscles
Shivering
Evaporative cooling

82
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

Sweating, panting, gular fluttering, wallowing

83
Q

Temperature Regulation and Size

A

As body size increase, volume increases more rapidly.

Surface area/volume ratio important, smaller the organisms, greater the heat loss to the surrounding environment

84
Q

Allen’s Rule

A

Endothermic animals from colder climates usually have shorter extremities than animals with otherwise similar characteristics

85
Q

Bergmann’s Rule

A

Mammals with wide distributions are often larger in colder regions

86
Q

Endothermy Tradeoffs

A

Can remain active regardless of environmental temperatures

Must consume a lot of food to meet the energy demands of endothermy (minor amount goes to growth)

87
Q

Ectothermy Tradeoffs

A

Can allocate more energy to biomass production (instead of temperature maintenance), require fewer calories per gram of body weight
Body size constrained, entire body must be warmed by the environment
Restricted to warmer environments (operative temperature range for activity)

88
Q

Ectotherm and Endotherm

A

Mechanisms that determine body temperatures

External vs. internal

89
Q

Homeotherm and Poikilotherm

A

Nature of body temperature

Constant vs. variable

90
Q

How do Amphibians and Reptiles survive the cold?

A

Cryoprotection (Glucose and Glycerol)
Lowered metabolism
Reanimation

91
Q

How do Aquatic Animals survive the cold?

A

Antifreeze proteins (Glycoproteins)

92
Q

How do Insects survive the cold?

A

Ice nucleating proteins
Vitrification
Supercooling

93
Q

What do endotherms use to cool off?

A

Conduction and Radiation for temp below body temp

Evaporation is used when temperature is close to body temp.

94
Q

Solution for Endotherms and heat

A

Cool microclimates
Reduce heat-generating activity
Migration

95
Q

What environmental cues are there for organisms to detect?

A

Photoperiod
Climate - Rainfall/temperature
Food Supply

96
Q

Photoperiod

A

Season

97
Q

How do plants deal with temperature changes?

A

Alter rates of conduction, convection, radiation
Orient inflorescence and leaves in response to sun
Reflectivity of leaves and bark
Leaf size and shape
Pigmentation
Frost hardening
Antifreeze

ECOL 1111 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions