Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ECOL 1111 > Environmental Conditions and Resources > Flashcards

Environmental Conditions and Resources Flashcards

1
Q

Mimicry

A

Physical resemblance of two or more species resulting from inherit advantages of similar appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Imitative species

A

Mimic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Model

A

Species that imitative species resembles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of Mimicry

A

Batesian
Mullerian
Aggressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Batesian Mimicry

A

Benign species resembles a noxious or dangerous one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mullerian Mimicry

A

Noxious species come to resemble each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aggressive Mimicry

A

Noxious or dangerous species comes to resemeble a benign one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Contemporary Evolution

A

Evolution due to human involvement (Peppered moth in Britain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contemporary Evolution Causes

A

Habitat loss and degradation

Overharvesting and exotic species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contemporary Evolution Inculences

A

Population size
Genetic Variation
Strenth of selection
Geneflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are adaptations shaped?

A

Interactions with the environment and interactions between individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Habitability

A

Ability of physical environment to support life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do organisms interact with the physical environment over time?

A

Adaptation

Acclimatization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adaptation

A

Over many generations the physical environment is a guiding force of natural selection
Irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acclimatization

A

Over shorter periods of the physical environment influences resource availability and an organism’s physiology
Reversible, seasonal in nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Condition

A

An abiotic environmental factor which varies in space and time, and to which organisms are deferentially responsive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Resource

A

That which may be consumed by an organism and as a result, becomes unavailable to other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Climate

A

General description of the average temperature and rainfall conditions of a region over the course of a year (or longer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What drives Climate?

A

Differences in solar radiation to the Earth’s surface produce unequal heating and induce pressure gradients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What transports heat?

A

Ocean currents

This can modify climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Macroclimate

A

Climate over larger geographic areas (zones, continents, oceans, planet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Microclimate

A

Macro-climate interactions with local landscape produces small scale climactic variation
The actual conditions experienced by an organisms in its particular location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Micro-climate influenced by?

A

Drainage, altitude, aspect, vegetation, color of the ground, presence of boulders/burrows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the difference between weather and climate?

A

Measurement of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Differences: Weather
Combination of temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, cloudiness and other atmospheric conditions occurring at a specific place and time
26
Difference: Climate
Long term average pattern of weather, how the atmosphere'behaves' over relatively long periods of time
27
What controls Climate?
``` Latitude Land and Water Landforms Elevation Ocean and Wind Currents ```
28
Latitude
Varying, changing amounts of energy from the sun
29
Land and Water
Heat at different rates | Large bodies of water moderate nearby land temperatures
30
Landforms
Hills and mountains can alter wind flow | Exposed side can have different climate than sheltered side (rain shadows)
31
Elevation
Higher up = temperature, moisture air pressure decrease
32
Ocean and Wind Currents
Circulation of warm and cold air around Earth
33
What is the goal of Land Classification?
Simplify information so that it an be used for planning and management purposes Can contribute to the goal of conserving a full array of natural diversity
34
Two Systems of Land Classification
Natural Regions and Subregions | Ecoregions
35
Natural Regions and Sub regions
Emphasis on predominance of geological or sail factors | Primarily used for ecosystem and biodiversity conservation purposes
36
Ecoregions
Emphasis on climate as a determinant of structure | Primarily use for agriculture, forestry, recreation and wildlie management purposes
37
What classification system is used in Alberta?
Natural Regions and Subregions classification
38
What natural features does Alberta use to classify regions?
``` Geology Landform Hydrology Soils Climate Vegetation Wildlife ```
39
Regions in Alberta
``` Boreal Forest Rocky Mountain Foothills Canadian Shield Parkland Grassland ```
40
Boreal Forest
Largest region in Alberta Broad lowland plains and isolated hill systems Vegetation = mixed and coniferous forests
41
Rocky Mountain
Defined by mountain range Highly varied with grasslands, deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests and alpine tundra River systems start in this area, water courses tend to be steep, fast and cold
42
Foothills
Transitional zone between boreal forest and Rock Mountains Flat topped hills surrounded by mixed wood forests. Forests consist f=mostly of lodgepole pines with white spruce and aspen poplar occur on borders with Boreal Forest
43
Canadian Shield
Far northeastern portion Exposed bedrock, jack pine woodlands, rock barrens and black spruce bogs Extensive sand plains, dune complexes and moraines. Lakes are common
44
Parkland
Transitional zone between Grasslands and Coniferous forests. Wetter than Grasslands with more permanent streams, lakes and wetlands. Aspen and Balsam poplar woodlands and Rough Fescue grasslands
45
Grasslands
Southern Alberta west of Rocky Mountains Flat/gently rolling plain with valley systems containing coulees, ravines and intermittent water courses. Valleys often contain extensive badlands Permanent water courses have cottonwoods and a variety of tall and low shrubs
46
Differences in Adaptation and Acclimatization
Adaptation increases function associated with genetic change where acclimatization increase function that can't be passed on to offspring
47
Strategies of Resistance to environmental conditions
Tolerance | Avoidance
48
Tolerance
Persist in the face of adversity, ability to survive abiotic stress, including internal regulation
49
Internal regulation
Physiological Adaptaions
50
Avoidance
Keep the external condition constant via evasion | External regulation
51
External Regulation
Behavioural response to detrimental environmental
52
Resistance to conditions by regulation: Dormancy
Torpor Hibernation Stratification Diapause
53
Torpor
Short term, driven by ambient temperature and food availability
54
Hibernation
Longer term, driven by day length and hormone change
55
Stratification
Seed dormancy, seed coat softened by cold moist weather
56
Diapause
Developmental delays in response to adverse environmental conditions
57
Resistance to conditions by avoidance: Migration
Behavioural response of moving away | Long distance movement of individuals, usually seasonal
58
Triggers of migration
Local climate | Local food/resource availability
59
Heterotrophs
Consumers
60
Autotrphs
Primary Producer
61
How can food be obtained?
Decomposition Parasitism Predation
62
What can consumers be?
Generalists | Specialists
63
Niche
The range of a single condition or resource in one dimension.
64
Hypervolume
Multidimensional space of all resources (more conditions and resources, n-dimension)
65
Habitat
Place where a plant or animal lives
66
What is habitat influenced by?
Environmental conditions and resources Other organisms Can be selected or matter of chance
67
Habitat Selection
Should allow survival and successful reproduction (suitable conditions and resources) In vertebrates is likely a genetic trait (adaptation) which can be modified by learning and experience
68
Order of Habitat Selection
4 Orders
69
1st Order Selection
Selection of the physical or geographic range of a species
70
2nd Order Selection
Determines the home range of a species
71
3rd Order Selection
Pertains to the usage of various habitat components withing the home range
72
4th Order Selection
Involves the selection of feeding sites and the procurement of food items
73
Regulator
Physiological or behavioural control over internal body temperature
74
Non-Regulator
Exert no physiological or behavioural control over internal body temp
75
Homeotherm
Maintain a relatively constant internal body temperature
76
Poikilotherms
Allow internal body temperature to vary with environment
77
Ectotherm
Rely on external sources of heat for thermoregulation, usually poikilotherms, but ectothermic homeotherms can exist (fish, amphibians, reptiles, insects, invertebrates)
78
Endotherms
Use physiological mechanisms (metabolic heat) to control body temperature Maintain a fairly constant internal temperature independent of external environment (birds/mammals)
79
Requirements for Metabolic Regulation
Higher Vertebrates Physiology (ability to be warm despite cold temperature) Ability to acquire food for long term Adaptations
80
Adaptations created for Metabolic Regulation
Physiological changes accompanied by behavioural adjustments | Morphological features
81
Homeothermy Adaptations
Fur, buzz flight muscles Shivering Evaporative cooling
82
Evaporative cooling
Sweating, panting, gular fluttering, wallowing
83
Temperature Regulation and Size
As body size increase, volume increases more rapidly. | Surface area/volume ratio important, smaller the organisms, greater the heat loss to the surrounding environment
84
Allen's Rule
Endothermic animals from colder climates usually have shorter extremities than animals with otherwise similar characteristics
85
Bergmann's Rule
Mammals with wide distributions are often larger in colder regions
86
Endothermy Tradeoffs
Can remain active regardless of environmental temperatures | Must consume a lot of food to meet the energy demands of endothermy (minor amount goes to growth)
87
Ectothermy Tradeoffs
Can allocate more energy to biomass production (instead of temperature maintenance), require fewer calories per gram of body weight Body size constrained, entire body must be warmed by the environment Restricted to warmer environments (operative temperature range for activity)
88
Ectotherm and Endotherm
Mechanisms that determine body temperatures | External vs. internal
89
Homeotherm and Poikilotherm
Nature of body temperature | Constant vs. variable
90
How do Amphibians and Reptiles survive the cold?
Cryoprotection (Glucose and Glycerol) Lowered metabolism Reanimation
91
How do Aquatic Animals survive the cold?
Antifreeze proteins (Glycoproteins)
92
How do Insects survive the cold?
Ice nucleating proteins Vitrification Supercooling
93
What do endotherms use to cool off?
Conduction and Radiation for temp below body temp | Evaporation is used when temperature is close to body temp.
94
Solution for Endotherms and heat
Cool microclimates Reduce heat-generating activity Migration
95
What environmental cues are there for organisms to detect?
Photoperiod Climate - Rainfall/temperature Food Supply
96
Photoperiod
Season
97
How do plants deal with temperature changes?
Alter rates of conduction, convection, radiation Orient inflorescence and leaves in response to sun Reflectivity of leaves and bark Leaf size and shape Pigmentation Frost hardening Antifreeze

ECOL 1111 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions