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Cell, Organisms And Systems > Population Dynamics And Natural Selection in Ecology > Flashcards

Population Dynamics And Natural Selection in Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Incidence

A

Frequency of new cases in a population.

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2
Q

Prevalence

A

Proportion of infected individuals at a time.

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3
Q

Reproductive Rate

A

Number of infections caused by one infected person.

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4
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of disease prevalence and distribution.

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5
Q

SIR Model

A

Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model for disease spread.

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6
Q

SIS Model

A

Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible model without immunity.

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7
Q

Natural Selection

A

Process where organisms better adapted survive.

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8
Q

Population Ecology

A

Study of population dynamics over time.

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9
Q

Lotka-Volterra Equations

A

Mathematical model for predator-prey interactions.

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10
Q

Predator-Prey Cycle

A

Fluctuations in populations of predators and prey.

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11
Q

Bottom-Up Model

A

Population control driven by resource availability.

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12
Q

Top-Down Model

A

Population control driven by predation or disease.

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13
Q

Social Behaviour Model

A

Influence of social interactions on population dynamics.

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14
Q

Chronic Stress

A

Long-term stress affecting reproduction and health.

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15
Q

Hare-Lynx Dynamics

A

Fluctuations in snowshoe hare and lynx populations.

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16
Q

Food Supplementation

A

Adding food to test its effect on populations.

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17
Q

Predator Exclusion

A

Removing predators to observe population changes.

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18
Q

Population Density

A

Number of individuals per unit area.

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19
Q

Empirical Evidence

A

Data collected through observation and experiments.

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20
Q

Cortisol Level

A

Physiological measure of stress in organisms.

21
Q

Boreal Forest Food Web

A

Ecosystem structure influencing hare population dynamics.

22
Q

Confidence Limits

A

Range indicating the reliability of statistical estimates.

23
Q

Hare Population Density

A

Number of hares per unit area measured.

24
Q

Barred Owl

A

Predator affecting hare population in boreal forests.

25
Q

Population Change

A

Alterations in species numbers over time.

26
Q

Keystone Species

A

Species whose population impacts ecosystem structure.

27
Q

Lotka Volterra Equations

A

Mathematical models describing predator-prey dynamics.

28
Q

Snowshoe Hares

A

A keystone species affected by predation.

29
Q

Canadian Lynxes

A

Predator whose population depends on hare availability.

30
Q

Darwin’s Voyage

A

Journey that influenced Darwin’s evolutionary theories.

31
Q

Phenotypic Variation

A

Differences in observable traits among individuals.

32
Q

Genotype

A

An individual’s genetic makeup or constitution.

33
Q

Phenotype

A

Observable characteristics resulting from genotype.

34
Q

Darwinian Fitness

A

Genotype’s reproductive success measured by abundance.

35
Q

Malthusian Theory

A

Populations grow exponentially; resources grow linearly.

36
Q

Mutation

A

Random changes in DNA affecting traits.

37
Q

Recombination

A

Genetic shuffling during reproduction creating variation.

38
Q

Artificial Selection

A

Human-driven breeding for desired traits.

39
Q

Gene-Environment Interactions

A

Influence of environmental factors on genetic expression.

40
Q

Neodarwinism

A

Integration of natural selection with Mendelian genetics.

41
Q

Somatic Mutations

A

Genetic changes in non-germline cells causing cancer.

42
Q

Damped Oscillations

A

Population cycles that decrease in amplitude over time.

43
Q

Myxomatosis

A

Disease causing rabbit population crash in 1953.

44
Q

Conservation Implications

A

Predator loss leads to herbivore overpopulation.

45
Q

Experimental Evidence

A

Data supporting hypotheses through controlled studies.

46
Q

Variation

A

Differences among individuals within a species.

47
Q

Inheritance

A

Transmission of traits from parents to offspring.

48
Q

Competition

A

Struggle for limited resources among individuals.

49
Q

Trait

A

Specific characteristic or feature of an organism.

Cell, Organisms And Systems (17 decks)

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