Population Dynamics And Natural Selection in Ecology

Question 1

Incidence

Answer 1

Frequency of new cases in a population.

Question 2

Prevalence

Answer 2

Proportion of infected individuals at a time.

Question 3

Reproductive Rate

Answer 3

Number of infections caused by one infected person.

Question 4

Epidemiology

Answer 4

Study of disease prevalence and distribution.

Question 5

SIR Model

Answer 5

Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model for disease spread.

Question 6

SIS Model

Answer 6

Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible model without immunity.

Question 7

Natural Selection

Answer 7

Process where organisms better adapted survive.

Question 8

Population Ecology

Answer 8

Study of population dynamics over time.

Question 9

Lotka-Volterra Equations

Answer 9

Mathematical model for predator-prey interactions.

Question 10

Predator-Prey Cycle

Answer 10

Fluctuations in populations of predators and prey.

Question 11

Bottom-Up Model

Answer 11

Population control driven by resource availability.

Question 12

Top-Down Model

Answer 12

Population control driven by predation or disease.

Question 13

Social Behaviour Model

Answer 13

Influence of social interactions on population dynamics.

Question 14

Chronic Stress

Answer 14

Long-term stress affecting reproduction and health.

Question 15

Hare-Lynx Dynamics

Answer 15

Fluctuations in snowshoe hare and lynx populations.

Question 16

Food Supplementation

Answer 16

Adding food to test its effect on populations.

Question 17

Predator Exclusion

Answer 17

Removing predators to observe population changes.

Question 18

Population Density

Answer 18

Number of individuals per unit area.

Question 19

Empirical Evidence

Answer 19

Data collected through observation and experiments.

Question 20

Cortisol Level

Answer 20

Physiological measure of stress in organisms.

Question 21

Boreal Forest Food Web

Answer 21

Ecosystem structure influencing hare population dynamics.

Question 22

Confidence Limits

Answer 22

Range indicating the reliability of statistical estimates.

Question 23

Hare Population Density

Answer 23

Number of hares per unit area measured.

Question 24

Barred Owl

Answer 24

Predator affecting hare population in boreal forests.

Question 25

Population Change

Answer 25

Alterations in species numbers over time.

Question 26

Keystone Species

Answer 26

Species whose population impacts ecosystem structure.

Question 27

Lotka Volterra Equations

Answer 27

Mathematical models describing predator-prey dynamics.

Question 28

Snowshoe Hares

Answer 28

A keystone species affected by predation.

Question 29

Canadian Lynxes

Answer 29

Predator whose population depends on hare availability.

Question 30

Darwin's Voyage

Answer 30

Journey that influenced Darwin's evolutionary theories.

Question 31

Phenotypic Variation

Answer 31

Differences in observable traits among individuals.

Question 32

Genotype

Answer 32

An individual's genetic makeup or constitution.

Question 33

Phenotype

Answer 33

Observable characteristics resulting from genotype.

Question 34

Darwinian Fitness

Answer 34

Genotype's reproductive success measured by abundance.

Question 35

Malthusian Theory

Answer 35

Populations grow exponentially; resources grow linearly.

Question 36

Mutation

Answer 36

Random changes in DNA affecting traits.

Question 37

Recombination

Answer 37

Genetic shuffling during reproduction creating variation.

Question 38

Artificial Selection

Answer 38

Human-driven breeding for desired traits.

Question 39

Gene-Environment Interactions

Answer 39

Influence of environmental factors on genetic expression.

Question 40

Neodarwinism

Answer 40

Integration of natural selection with Mendelian genetics.

Question 41

Somatic Mutations

Answer 41

Genetic changes in non-germline cells causing cancer.

Question 42

Damped Oscillations

Answer 42

Population cycles that decrease in amplitude over time.

Question 43

Myxomatosis

Answer 43

Disease causing rabbit population crash in 1953.

Question 44

Conservation Implications

Answer 44

Predator loss leads to herbivore overpopulation.

Question 45

Experimental Evidence

Answer 45

Data supporting hypotheses through controlled studies.

Question 46

Variation

Answer 46

Differences among individuals within a species.

Question 47

Inheritance

Answer 47

Transmission of traits from parents to offspring.

Question 48

Competition

Answer 48

Struggle for limited resources among individuals.

Question 49

Trait

Answer 49

Specific characteristic or feature of an organism.