Characteristics and Evolution of Animal Bodies

Question 1

Heterotrophic

Answer 1

Organisms that obtain energy from consuming others.

Question 2

Metazoans

Answer 2

Multicellular animals forming a single clade within Eukaryotes.

Question 3

Ediacaran Period

Answer 3

Timeframe (570-539 Ma) of early multicellular life.

Question 4

Cambrian Explosion

Answer 4

Rapid diversification of animal life around 540 Ma.

Question 5

Priapulids

Answer 5

Small phylum known for ancient burrowing behavior.

Question 6

Embryogenesis

Answer 6

Development process from fertilization to gastrulation.

Question 7

Protostomes

Answer 7

Animals where the blastopore becomes the mouth.

Question 8

Deuterostomes

Answer 8

Animals where the blastopore becomes the anus.

Question 9

Symmetry

Answer 9

Body organization types: asymmetric, radial, bilateral.

Question 10

Coelom

Answer 10

Internal body cavity in most bilaterian animals.

Question 11

Metamerism

Answer 11

Body formed of repeated segments, seen in annelids.

Question 12

Segmental Specialization

Answer 12

Variation in function among repeated body segments.

Question 13

Tagmosis

Answer 13

Fusion of segments into functional body sections.

Question 14

Model Species

Answer 14

Organisms commonly used for biological research.

Question 15

Caenorhabditis elegans

Answer 15

Model organism with a known cell lineage.

Question 16

Homeotic Genes

Answer 16

Genes that determine segment identity in organisms.

Question 17

Hox Genes

Answer 17

Regulatory genes controlling body plan development.

Question 18

Collinearity

Answer 18

Order of genes along chromosome matches body axis.

Question 19

Drosophila

Answer 19

Model organism for studying genetics and development.

Question 20

Eye Development

Answer 20

Controlled by genes like Pax6 and eyeless.

Question 21

Nematoda

Answer 21

Phylum including roundworms, significant for research.

Question 22

Arthropoda

Answer 22

Phylum including insects, crustaceans, and arachnids.

Question 23

Chordata

Answer 23

Phylum including vertebrates and related organisms.

Question 24

Segment

Answer 24

Repeated unit in metameric organisms.

Question 25

Limbs

Answer 25

Appendages formed from repeated segments.

Question 26

Gastrulation

Answer 26

Process where cells differentiate into germ layers.

Question 27

Ectoderm

Answer 27

Outer germ layer forming skin and nervous system.

Question 28

Mesoderm

Answer 28

Middle germ layer forming muscles and organs.

Question 29

Endoderm

Answer 29

Inner germ layer forming digestive tract lining.